Genetic variants for head size share genes and pathways with cancer

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ² Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³ Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁴ Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁵ University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁶ Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁸ Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁹ Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Neurosurgical Department, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
• ¹⁰ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹¹ Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ¹² Department of Neurology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
• ¹³ Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
• ¹⁴ Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
• ¹⁵ Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
• ¹⁶ Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
• ¹⁷ The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
• ¹⁸ Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE Research Center for Civilization Disease, Leipzig, Germany.
• ¹⁹ Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
• ²⁰ Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ²¹ Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
• ²² Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ²³ School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
• ²⁴ Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
• ²⁶ North Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Population and Global Health, LKC Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
• ²⁷ University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
• ²⁸ Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
• ²⁹ Department of Genetics UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
• ³⁰ Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ³¹ The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³² Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Collaborative Research Center 1052 Obesity Mechanisms, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ³³ Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ³⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ³⁵ Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ³⁶ Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ³⁷ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
• ³⁸ University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, team NeuroImagerie et Cognition Humaine, Bordeaux, France; EPHE-PSL University, Bordeaux, France.
• ³⁹ Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁴⁰ University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team SEPIA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁴¹ Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
• ⁴² Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁴³ San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ⁴⁶ Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁴⁷ School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
• ⁴⁸ Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁴⁹ University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team LEHA, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁵⁰ Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.
• ⁵¹ Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁵² Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁵³ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
• ⁵⁴ Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ⁵⁵ Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
• ⁵⁶ Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁵⁸ Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ⁶⁰ Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
• ⁶¹ Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁶² Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁶³ Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
• ⁶⁵ Institute for Urban Public Health, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
• ⁶⁶ Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
• ⁶⁷ Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
• ⁶⁸ Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Unit 2, Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
• ⁷⁰ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
• ⁷¹ Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ⁷² University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• ⁷³ Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁷⁴ Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
• ⁷⁵ Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
• ⁷⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁷⁷ Stroke Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
• ⁷⁸ Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics MUMC+, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, and MHeNs School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
• ⁷⁹ Bordeaux Population Health, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁸⁰ West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
• ⁸¹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
• ⁸² Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
• ⁸³ Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
• ⁸⁴ Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
• ⁸⁵ Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
• ⁸⁶ Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
• ⁸⁷ Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS) {Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory}, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ⁸⁸ Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁸⁹ Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Aging, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
• ⁹⁰ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁹¹ Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
• ⁹² Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
• ⁹³ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
• ⁹⁴ Bordeaux Population Health, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
• ⁹⁵ Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: hieab.adams@radboudumc.nl.