Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with liability to alcohol and drug dependence that is associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activity in African- and European-Americans

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
• ² Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
• ³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut.
• ⁴ Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
• ⁵ Department of Psychology, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
• ⁶ SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
• ⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
• ⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
• ⁹ Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.
• ¹⁰ Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia.
• ¹¹ Department of Pharmacology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia.
• ¹² Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.
• ¹³ Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York.
• ¹⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
• ¹⁵ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri.