To address the question of whether complete seizure relief has a positive effect on psychosocial functioning in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, a follow-up study was conducted at the Montreal Neurological Institute. The approach was one of "before-after" study, with focus on the successfully operated patients, those in whom complete seizure relief was obtained. The Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory, specifically developed and validated for use with epilepsy patients, was used for psychosocial assessments. Of 30 surgically treated patients screened for the study, 15 gained complete relief from seizures. At 1-year postoperative follow-up, they showed reductions in their problems scores on all but one of eight psychosocial scales; the average reduction ranged from 24% in Vocational Adjustment to 60% in Adjustment to Seizures. In the areas of Emotional Adjustment and Interpersonal Adjustment reductions were 37 and 48%, respectively. Among the component items, improvement was greatest in ability to concentrate and make decisions, confidence in interpersonal skills, ability to express personal opinions, and perception by others. No appreciable changes occurred in the 15 patients who did not gain complete relief of seizures; indeed, on six of the eight scales they showed a modest increase in their problem scores. This study provides evidence that complete relief from seizures leads to appreciable improvements in psychosocial well-being, manifest as early as 1-year postoperatively, in young adult patients.