Imaging studies play a major role in patients undergoing lung transplantation. These patients are subject to unusual problems, such as the reimplantation response, acute rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans, ischemia-induced airway complications, and immuno-suppression-associated lymphoma. In addition, these patients are also subject to all of the usual problems associated with thoracic surgery, including atelectasis, infection, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion, all conditions for which radiologic assessment is crucial.