Constraints on Covariant Dark-Matter-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Interactions from the First Science Run of the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment

J Aalbers; D S Akerib; A K Al Musalhi; F Alder; C S Amarasinghe; A Ames; T J Anderson; N Angelides; H M Araújo; J E Armstrong; M Arthurs; A Baker; S Balashov; J Bang; E E Barillier; J W Bargemann; K Beattie; T Benson; A Bhatti; A Biekert; T P Biesiadzinski; H J Birch; E J Bishop; G M Blockinger; B Boxer; C A J Brew; P Brás; S Burdin; M Buuck; M C Carmona-Benitez; M Carter; A Chawla; H Chen; J J Cherwinka; Y T Chin; N I Chott; M V Converse; A Cottle; G Cox; D Curran; C E Dahl; A David; J Delgaudio; S Dey; L de Viveiros; L Di Felice; C Ding; J E Y Dobson; E Druszkiewicz; S R Eriksen; A Fan; N M Fearon; S Fiorucci; H Flaecher; E D Fraser; T M A Fruth; R J Gaitskell; A Geffre; J Genovesi; C Ghag; R Gibbons; S Gokhale; J Green; M G D van der Grinten; J J Haiston; C R Hall; S Han; E Hartigan-O'Connor; S J Haselschwardt; M A Hernandez; S A Hertel; G Heuermann; G J Homenides; M Horn; D Q Huang; D Hunt; E Jacquet; R S James; J Johnson; A C Kaboth; A C Kamaha; M Kannichankandy; D Khaitan; A Khazov; I Khurana; J D Kim; J Kim; J Kingston; R Kirk; D Kodroff; L Korley; E V Korolkova; H Kraus; S Kravitz; L Kreczko; V A Kudryavtsev; D S Leonard; K T Lesko; C Levy; J Lin; A Lindote; R Linehan; W H Lippincott; M I Lopes; W Lorenzon; C Lu; S Luitz; P A Majewski; A Manalaysay; R L Mannino; C Maupin; M E McCarthy; G McDowell; D N McKinsey; J McLaughlin; J B McLaughlin; R McMonigle; E H Miller; E Mizrachi; A Monte; M E Monzani; J D Morales Mendoza; E Morrison; B J Mount; M Murdy; A St J Murphy; A Naylor; H N Nelson; F Neves; A Nguyen; J A Nikoleyczik; I Olcina; K C Oliver-Mallory; J Orpwood; K J Palladino; J Palmer; N J Pannifer; N Parveen; S J Patton; B Penning; G Pereira; E Perry; T Pershing; A Piepke; Y Qie; J Reichenbacher; C A Rhyne; Q Riffard; G R C Rischbieter; H S Riyat; R Rosero; T Rushton; D Rynders; D Santone; A B M R Sazzad; R W Schnee; S Shaw; T Shutt; J J Silk; C Silva; G Sinev; J Siniscalco; R Smith; V N Solovov; P Sorensen; J Soria; I Stancu; A Stevens; K Stifter; B Suerfu; T J Sumner; M Szydagis; W C Taylor; D R Tiedt; M Timalsina; Z Tong; D R Tovey; J Tranter; M Trask; M Tripathi; D R Tronstad; A Vacheret; A C Vaitkus; O Valentino; V Velan; A Wang; J J Wang; Y Wang; J R Watson; R C Webb; L Weeldreyer; T J Whitis; M Williams; W J Wisniewski; F L H Wolfs; S Woodford; D Woodward; C J Wright; Q Xia; X Xiang; J Xu; M Yeh; E A Zweig; LZ Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.221801

Constraints on Covariant Dark-Matter-Nucleon Effective Field Theory Interactions from the First Science Run of the LUX-ZEPLIN Experiment

Phys Rev Lett. 2024 Nov 29;133(22):221801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.221801.

Authors

J Aalbers^{1

2}, D S Akerib^{1

2}, A K Al Musalhi³, F Alder³, C S Amarasinghe^{4

5}, A Ames^{1

2}, T J Anderson^{1

6}, N Angelides⁷, H M Araújo⁷, J E Armstrong⁸, M Arthurs^{1

6}, A Baker⁷, S Balashov⁹, J Bang¹⁰, E E Barillier^{5

11}, J W Bargemann⁴, K Beattie¹², T Benson¹³, A Bhatti⁸, A Biekert^{12

14}, T P Biesiadzinski^{1

6}, H J Birch^{5

11}, E J Bishop¹⁵, G M Blockinger¹⁶, B Boxer¹⁷, C A J Brew⁹, P Brás¹⁸, S Burdin¹⁹, M Buuck^{1

6}, M C Carmona-Benitez²⁰, M Carter¹⁹, A Chawla²¹, H Chen¹², J J Cherwinka¹³, Y T Chin²⁰, N I Chott²², M V Converse²³, A Cottle³, G Cox²⁴, D Curran²⁴, C E Dahl^{25

26}, A David³, J Delgaudio²⁴, S Dey²⁷, L de Viveiros²⁰, L Di Felice⁷, C Ding¹⁰, J E Y Dobson²⁸, E Druszkiewicz²³, S R Eriksen²⁹, A Fan^{1

6}, N M Fearon²⁷, S Fiorucci¹², H Flaecher²⁹, E D Fraser¹⁹, T M A Fruth³⁰, R J Gaitskell¹⁰, A Geffre²⁴, J Genovesi²², C Ghag³, R Gibbons^{12

14}, S Gokhale³¹, J Green²⁷, M G D van der Grinten⁹, J J Haiston²², C R Hall⁸, S Han^{1

6}, E Hartigan-O'Connor¹⁰, S J Haselschwardt¹², M A Hernandez^{5

11}, S A Hertel³², G Heuermann⁵, G J Homenides³³, M Horn²⁴, D Q Huang⁵, D Hunt²⁷, E Jacquet⁷, R S James³, J Johnson¹⁷, A C Kaboth²¹, A C Kamaha³⁴, M Kannichankandy¹⁶, D Khaitan²³, A Khazov⁹, I Khurana³, J D Kim³⁵, J Kim⁴, J Kingston¹⁷, R Kirk¹⁰, D Kodroff^{12

20}, L Korley⁵, E V Korolkova³⁶, H Kraus²⁷, S Kravitz^{12

37}, L Kreczko²⁹, V A Kudryavtsev³⁶, D S Leonard³⁵, K T Lesko¹², C Levy¹⁶, J Lin^{12

14}, A Lindote¹⁸, R Linehan^{1

6}, W H Lippincott⁴, M I Lopes¹⁸, W Lorenzon⁵, C Lu¹⁰, S Luitz¹, P A Majewski⁹, A Manalaysay¹², R L Mannino³⁸, C Maupin²⁴, M E McCarthy²³, G McDowell⁵, D N McKinsey^{12

14}, J McLaughlin²⁵, J B McLaughlin³, R McMonigle¹⁶, E H Miller^{1

6}, E Mizrachi^{8

38}, A Monte⁴, M E Monzani^{1

6

39}, J D Morales Mendoza^{1

6}, E Morrison²², B J Mount⁴⁰, M Murdy³², A St J Murphy¹⁵, A Naylor³⁶, H N Nelson⁴, F Neves¹⁸, A Nguyen¹⁵, J A Nikoleyczik¹³, I Olcina^{12

14}, K C Oliver-Mallory⁷, J Orpwood³⁶, K J Palladino²⁷, J Palmer²¹, N J Pannifer²⁹, N Parveen¹⁶, S J Patton¹², B Penning^{5

11}, G Pereira¹⁸, E Perry³, T Pershing³⁸, A Piepke³³, Y Qie²³, J Reichenbacher²², C A Rhyne¹⁰, Q Riffard¹², G R C Rischbieter^{5

11}, H S Riyat¹⁵, R Rosero³¹, T Rushton³⁶, D Rynders²⁴, D Santone²¹, A B M R Sazzad³³, R W Schnee²², S Shaw¹⁵, T Shutt^{1

6}, J J Silk⁸, C Silva¹⁸, G Sinev²², J Siniscalco³, R Smith^{12

14}, V N Solovov¹⁸, P Sorensen¹², J Soria^{12

14}, I Stancu³³, A Stevens^{3

7}, K Stifter²⁶, B Suerfu^{12

14}, T J Sumner⁷, M Szydagis¹⁶, W C Taylor¹⁰, D R Tiedt²⁴, M Timalsina^{12

22}, Z Tong⁷, D R Tovey³⁶, J Tranter³⁶, M Trask⁴, M Tripathi¹⁷, D R Tronstad²², A Vacheret⁷, A C Vaitkus¹⁰, O Valentino⁷, V Velan¹², A Wang^{1

6}, J J Wang³³, Y Wang^{12

14}, J R Watson^{12

14}, R C Webb⁴¹, L Weeldreyer³³, T J Whitis⁴, M Williams^{5

12}, W J Wisniewski¹, F L H Wolfs²³, S Woodford¹⁹, D Woodward^{12

20}, C J Wright³¹, Q Xia¹², X Xiang^{10

31}, J Xu³⁸, M Yeh³¹, E A Zweig³⁴; LZ Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025-7015, USA.
² Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085, USA.
³ University College London (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
⁴ University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9530, USA.
⁵ University of Michigan, Randall Laboratory of Physics, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
⁶ Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085 USA.
⁷ Imperial College London, Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
⁸ University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA.
⁹ STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom.
¹⁰ Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, Rhode Island 02912-9037, USA.
¹¹ University of Zurich, Department of Physics, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
¹² Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720-8099, USA.
¹³ University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA.
¹⁴ University of California, Berkeley, Department of Physics, Berkeley, California 94720-7300, USA.
¹⁵ University of Edinburgh, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.
¹⁶ University at Albany (SUNY), Department of Physics, Albany, New York 12222-0100, USA.
¹⁷ University of California, Davis, Department of Physics, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA.
¹⁸ Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), University of Coimbra, P-3004 516 Coimbra, Portugal.
¹⁹ University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom.
²⁰ Pennsylvania State University, Department of Physics, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-6300, USA.
²¹ Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Physics, Egham TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
²² South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701-3901, USA.
²³ University of Rochester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester, New York 14627-0171, USA.
²⁴ South Dakota Science and Technology Authority (SDSTA), Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, South Dakota 57754-1700, USA.
²⁵ Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA.
²⁶ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, Illinois 60510-5011, USA.
²⁷ University of Oxford, Department of Physics, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.
²⁸ King's College London, Department of Physics, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
²⁹ <a href="https://ror.org/0524sp257">University of Bristol</a>, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom.
³⁰ The University of Sydney, School of Physics, Physics Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
³¹ Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
³² University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.
³³ University of Alabama, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 34587-0324, USA.
³⁴ University of Califonia, Los Angeles, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Los Angeles, Califonia 90095-1547, USA.
³⁵ IBS Center for Underground Physics (CUP), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
³⁶ University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom.
³⁷ University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA.
³⁸ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, California 94550-9698, USA.
³⁹ Vatican Observatory, Castel Gandolfo, V-00120, Vatican City State.
⁴⁰ Black Hills State University, School of Natural Sciences, Spearfish, South Dakota 57799-0002, USA.
⁴¹ Texas A&M University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA.

PMID: 39672140
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.221801

Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time project chamber operating in the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, USA. We report on the results of a relativistic extension to the nonrelativistic effective field theory (NREFT) from a 5.5 t fiducial mass and 60 live days of exposure. We present constraints on couplings from covariant interactions arising from the coupling of vector, axial currents, and electric dipole moments of the nucleon to the magnetic and electric dipole moments of the weakly interacting massive particle which cannot be described by recasting previous results described by an NREFT. Using a profile-likelihood ratio analysis, in an energy region between 0 keV_{nr} to 270 keV_{nr}, we report 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the coupling strength of five interactions in both the isoscalar and isovector bases.