Alcoholic Extracts from the Ganoderma Lucidum Fermentation Product Alleviated Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury, Gut Leakiness, and Gut Dysbiosis in Mice

Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2024 Dec 5;80(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s11130-024-01271-x.

Abstract

The hepatoprotective effect of the alcoholic extracts of Ganoderma lucidum fermentation products (GFE) was investigated. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with GFE for 7 days and then subjected to the chronic-binge ethanol feeding model. GFE pretreatment significantly reduced the ethanol-induced elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), hepatic steatosis, and increased triglyceride content. GFE pretreatment also altered hepatic alcohol metabolism, suppressed oxidative stress by decreasing the expression of Cyp2e1, and increasing the level of GSH. Lipidmoic analysis revealed that GFE pretreatment effectively increased ratio of phosphatidylcholines /phosphatidylethanolamine (PC/PE) in the liver. Furthermore, mice pretreated with GFE demonstrated decreased hepatic inflammation and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Additionally, the mRNA expression of gut tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1, along with antimicrobial peptide (e.g., Reg3β and Reg3γ) were up-regulated by GFE pretreatment. 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that GFE increased Bacteroidales, Parabacteroides, and Dubosiella, which were associated with hepatic steatosis, inflammation and intestinal barrier function parameters. These results demonstrate that GFE can prevent ethanol-induced liver injury and inflammation, gut leakiness and restore gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Keywords: Ganoderma lucidum; Alcoholic Liver Injury; Gut Microbiota; Intestinal Barrier Function; Lipidmoic Analysis.

MeSH terms

  • Alanine Transaminase / blood
  • Alanine Transaminase / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases / blood
  • Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / prevention & control
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / genetics
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / metabolism
  • Dysbiosis* / chemically induced
  • Ethanol*
  • Fermentation*
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / drug effects
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Liver* / drug effects
  • Liver* / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL*
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Reishi* / chemistry
  • Triglycerides / blood
  • Triglycerides / metabolism

Substances

  • Ethanol
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1
  • Aspartate Aminotransferases
  • Alanine Transaminase
  • Plant Extracts
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Triglycerides

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