Trends of temperature and total precipitable water, as well as the trend of surface pressure induced by CO2

Quanhua Liu; Christopher Grassotti; Yan Zhou; Yong-Keun Lee; Shuyan Liu; John Xun Yang

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80685-8

Trends of temperature and total precipitable water, as well as the trend of surface pressure induced by CO₂

Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 25;14(1):29202. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80685-8.

Authors

Quanhua Liu¹, Christopher Grassotti², Yan Zhou², Yong-Keun Lee², Shuyan Liu³, John Xun Yang²

Affiliations

¹ Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. quanhua.liu@noaa.gov.
² Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, Maryland, 20740, USA.
³ Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.

PMID: 39587227
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-80685-8

Abstract

Two total precipitable water (TPW) monthly time series derived from hourly analyses and from 1:30 am and 1:30 pm (local time) analyses, respectively, from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis model version 5 (ERA5) data are practically identical. The TPW is increasing as surface and lower tropospheric temperatures are warming. Surface pressure is rising as well because of increased mass from atmospheric carbon dioxide and TPW above the surface. The close similarity of trends using hourly and twice-daily analyses suggest that using well-calibrated observations from a single sun-synchronous polar orbiting satellite, such as Suomi-NPP Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder measurements, can be sufficient to characterize global trends in climate-sensitive surface temperatures and TPW.

Keywords: ERA5; Surface pressure; Surface temperature; TPW; Trends.

Abstract

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