Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prognostic implications of pretreatment [18F]FDG-PET metrics in esophageal cancer patients through a meta-analysis of the existing literature.
Methods: We carefully searched electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from inception to April 1, 2024, to identify studies describing the prognostic value of pretreatment PET metrics for advanced esophageal cancer. Clinical endpoints examined were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS)/disease-free survival (DFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and OS were taken directly from the original reports.
Results: Forty-seven publications, including 5504 patients, were included in our analysis. OS and PFS were analyzed in 31 and nine studies, respectively, and DFS/RFS was analyzed in 16 studies. The comprehensive pooled analysis revealed significant associations between metabolic parameters derived from positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and clinical outcomes. Expressly, the pooled HR indicated that patients with higher SUVmax were significantly associated with poor PFS (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, p = 0.011) and poor RFS/DFS (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.18, p = 0.019). Patients with higher SUVmean were significantly associated with poorer OS (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.14, p = 0.025). High MTV was significantly associated with inferior OS (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00-1.05, p = 0.049). High TLG was significantly associated with poorer RFS/DFS (HR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.11-3.68, p = 0.022).
Conclusion: This study unveiled pretreatment FDG-derived parameters as valuable prognostic indicators in assessing esophageal cancer outcomes. Specifically, SUVmax is associated with PFS and RFS/DFS. SUVmean and MTV were correlated with OS, and TLG was only associated with RFS/DFS.
Key points: Question Inconsistent findings on the prognostic value of pretreatment [18F]FDG PET parameters in esophageal cancer require comprehensive analysis to clarify their role in outcome prediction. Findings Higher pretreatment [18F]FDG-PET metrics (SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, TLG) are associated with poor survival outcomes, emphasizing their potential value in enhancing prognostic assessments for esophageal cancer. Clinical relevance This study highlights the prognostic significance of pretreatment [18F]FDG-PET metrics in esophageal cancer, providing valuable insights for patient outcome prediction and potentially guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Keywords: Esophageal neoplasms; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron emission tomography computed tomography; Prognosis.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.