Chronic Inflammation and Age-Related Hearing: Based on Mendelian Randomization

J Inflamm Res. 2024 Nov 16:17:8921-8934. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S486301. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a degenerative condition that involves both peripheral and central auditory system pathologies. There is a close relationship between chronic inflammation and ARHL, but there is currently a lack of in-depth exploration of this relationship, particularly regarding causality.

Methods: Using age-appropriate mice for basic experiments to examine changes in central auditory nervous system inflammation, a cohort study was conducted to select relevant clinical data and observe inflammation changes in the elderly population with ARHL. Mendelian randomization was employed to investigate the causal relationship between chronic inflammation and ARHL.

Results: Clinical results indicate that CRP levels in the ARHL group are significantly higher than those in the normal group. Chronic inflammation also occurs in the auditory centers. Mendelian randomization studies provide causal evidence that genetic chronic inflammation factors do not increase the risk of ARHL.

Discussion: This article provides reliable causal evidence of the relationship between chronic inflammation and ARHL, confirming the accumulation of inflammatory factors in the auditory center, which provides a basis for the prevention and treatment of ARHL and has a good prevention prospect. However, due to the differences of research objects, this study has limitations and needs further research.

Keywords: CRP; Mendelian randomization; TNF-α; age-related hearing loss; chronic inflammation.

Grants and funding

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#82371153), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (#2023M731845), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (#ZR2021MH378 and #ZR2022QH073), and the Yantai Science and Technology Innovation Development Project (#2022YD009, #2023YD050).