Effects of jogi, Micropogonias undulatus, addition on the production of volatile compounds in baechu-kimchi

PLoS One. 2024 Nov 18;19(11):e0312441. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312441. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Baechu-kimchi is a traditional vegetable fermented food using kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa) as the main ingredient. A wide variety of ingredients can be used in kimchi depending on the specific region and even household. Although there have been a lot of studies examining various aspects of kimchi, there has been limited research on kimchi with added fish as a minor ingredient. Therefore, in the present work we aimed to assess changes in the volatile compounds of baechu-kimchi with the addition of seafood used as minor ingredients of kimchi. Sulfur compounds were the most commonly detected volatile compounds; 9 categories of volatile components were detected in total. Altogether, 30 sulfur compounds were detected, and among them, five sulfur compounds: (E)-1-(methyltrisulfanyl)prop-1-ene, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)-1-methylsulfanylpropane, (methyltetrasulfanyl)methane, 1-(methyldisulfanyl)-1-[(E)-prop-1-enyl]sulfanylpropane, and 1,1-bis(methyldisulfanyl)propane, were found only in jogi-added kimchi, thus confirming the influence of jogi addition. Principal component analysis revealed clear distinctions in the volatile compounds as a result of jogi addition as fermentation progressed. Moreover, when confirming the correlation with microbial populations, it was evident that the differentiation in volatile compounds was more attributable to jogi addition than microbial impact. In conclusion, the addition of jogi to baechu-kimchi led to an abundance of volatile compounds by the 20th day of fermentation.

MeSH terms

  • Agaricales / chemistry
  • Agaricales / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Brassica rapa / chemistry
  • Brassica rapa / metabolism
  • Fermentation
  • Fermented Foods* / analysis
  • Volatile Organic Compounds* / analysis

Substances

  • Volatile Organic Compounds

Grants and funding

This work was supported by a grant (RS-2022-IP322014) of Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry (IPET) through the High Value-added Food Technology Development Program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Republic of Korea. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.