Sleep risk factors modify the association between c-reactive protein and type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study

Mengying Wang; Huangda Guo; Hexiang Peng; Siyue Wang; Xueheng Wang; Meng Fan; Jin Jiang; Tianjiao Hou; Chenghua Gao; Wenyan Xian; Jie Huang; Tao Wu

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.11.001

Sleep risk factors modify the association between c-reactive protein and type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study

Sleep Med. 2024 Nov 10:124:674-680. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.11.001. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mengying Wang¹, Huangda Guo², Hexiang Peng², Siyue Wang², Xueheng Wang², Meng Fan², Jin Jiang², Tianjiao Hou², Chenghua Gao³, Wenyan Xian³, Jie Huang⁴, Tao Wu⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases Peking University, Ministry of Education, China.
² Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases Peking University, Ministry of Education, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
³ School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
⁴ School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: huangj@sustech.edu.cn.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases Peking University, Ministry of Education, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: twu@bjmu.edu.cn.

PMID: 39536527
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.11.001

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prospective association between serum CRP levels and T2D incidence and explore whether such association was modified by sleep risk factors.

Methods: The study included 366 746 participants without diabetes and exhibited CRP measures at baseline from the UK Biobank. Sleep risk factors included sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR), and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of T2D associated with CRP levels. Interactions between CRP and sleep risk factors were also tested.

Results: During a median follow-up of 10.4 years, 14 200 T2D cases were identified. The HRs (95 % CIs) of T2D were 1.31 (1.21-1.43), 1.62 (1.50-1.75), 1.98 (1.83-2.13), and 2.38 (2.21-2.57), respectively, in higher quintile groups of CRP levels compared with the lowest group (p-value for trend <0.001). There were interactions of CRP levels with self-reported sleep duration, snoring, and daytime sleepiness (p-value for interaction = 0.002, 0.0002, and 0.0001). The associated risks between T2D and the elevation in CRP were more evident among participants with high-risk sleep factors.

Conclusions: Our study indicates that the elevation in serum CRP levels is associated with a higher T2D incidence; and such relation is modified by sleep risk factors including sleep duration, snoring, and daytime sleepiness.

Keywords: C-reactive protein; Prospective cohort analysis; Sleep risk factors; Type 2 diabetes.