Effectiveness of Bivalent mRNA Vaccines in Preventing Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, January-September 2023

Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024 Nov;18(11):e70038. doi: 10.1111/irv.70038.

Abstract

Background: On September 2, 2022, bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, were recommended to address reduced effectiveness of COVID-19 monovalent vaccines during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant predominance.

Methods: Using national pharmacy-based SARS-CoV-2 testing program data from January 15 to September 11, 2023, this test-negative, case-control design study assessed bivalent COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection.

Results: VE against symptomatic infection of a bivalent dose between 2 weeks and 1 month after bivalent vaccination ranged from 46% (95% CI: 38%-52%) for those aged ≥ 65 years to 61% (95% CI 41%-75%) for those aged 12-17 years.

Conclusion: Bivalent vaccines protected against symptomatic infection. However, effectiveness waned over time, emphasizing the need to stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination.

Keywords: Bivalent; COVID‐19; SARS‐CoV‐2; Symptomatic Infection.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • COVID-19 Vaccines* / administration & dosage
  • COVID-19 Vaccines* / immunology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Child
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • SARS-CoV-2* / genetics
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Vaccination
  • Vaccine Efficacy*
  • Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
  • Young Adult
  • mRNA Vaccines*

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • mRNA Vaccines
  • Vaccines, Synthetic

Supplementary concepts

  • SARS-CoV-2 variants