Cardiometabolic index and the risk of new-onset chronic diseases: results of a national prospective longitudinal study

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Oct 21:15:1446276. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1446276. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Background: The cardiometabolic index (CMI) has emerged as a novel marker for evaluating the distribution and dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue, yet its correlation with numerous diseases, particularly new-onset chronic conditions, remains underexplored. Therefore, we aim to explore the association of cardiometabolic index (CMI) and new-onset chronic diseases.

Methods: The analysis utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with a baseline in 2011 and follow-ups biennially until 2020. Fourteen new-onset chronic diseases were diagnosed based on self-report, and separate cohorts were created for each disease. CMI was calculated as triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol multiplied by the waist-to-height ratio. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between CMI and new-onset chronic diseases, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed to explore potential nonlinear effects. Additional and sensitivity analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival curves, subgroup analyses, multiple imputations, and exclude outcome events at the first follow-up.

Results: Higher levels of CMI were associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.04-1.06, P<0.001), diabetes (HR=1.08, 95% CI=1.06-1.09, P<0.001), dyslipidemia (HR=1.07, 95% CI=1.06-1.09, P<0.001), liver disease (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.03-1.07, P<0.003), and stroke (HR=1.04, 95% CI=1.02-1.06, P<0.001), although the association with stroke was not significant after adjusting for confounders (HR=1.02, 95% CI=1.00-1.05, P=0.054). Participants in the highest quartile of CMI had a significantly higher risk of these diseases compared to those in the lowest quartile. RCS analyses showed a significant nonlinear relationship between CMI and the risk of these diseases above.

Conclusions: CMI showed a significant positive association with the risk of new-onset chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver disease. Future applications of CMI hold promise as an effective marker for early identification of chronic disease risk.

Keywords: CHARLS; CMI; chronic diseases; longitudinal study; new-onset.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases* / etiology
  • China / epidemiology
  • Cholesterol, HDL / blood
  • Chronic Disease
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Triglycerides / blood

Substances

  • Triglycerides
  • Cholesterol, HDL

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by grants from Longgang Medical Discipline Construction Fund.