Improvement of salivary biomarkers vitronectin and fetuin-A levels in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease post scaling and root planing

Jaideep Mahendra; Pavithra Dave; Lakshmi Priya; Moongilpatti Arumugam; Pradeep Kumar Yadalam; Carlos M Ardila

doi:10.1111/scd.13073

Improvement of salivary biomarkers vitronectin and fetuin-A levels in periodontitis patients with coronary artery disease post scaling and root planing

Spec Care Dentist. 2024 Oct 23. doi: 10.1111/scd.13073. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Jaideep Mahendra¹, Pavithra Dave¹, Lakshmi Priya¹, Moongilpatti Arumugam², Pradeep Kumar Yadalam³, Carlos M Ardila⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
² Department of Cardiology, Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
³ Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
⁴ Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

PMID: 39441078
DOI: 10.1111/scd.13073

Abstract

Introduction: Two biomarkers that are gaining attention for their roles in the progression of both periodontal and cardiovascular diseases are vitronectin and fetuin-A. This study evaluated vitronectin and fetuin-A expression in saliva samples of periodontitis (P) patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) after scaling and root planing (SRP).

Methods: Sixty patients were divided into three groups: PH + SH (periodontally and systemically healthy), P (stage II/III grade B periodontitis), and P + CAD (periodontitis with CAD). Demographic, periodontal, and cardiac parameters were recorded. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and after SRP. On day 90, periodontal parameters and vitronectin/fetuin-A expression were reassessed.

Results: P + CAD patients had higher age, weight, BMI, and lower income (p < .001, .025, .002, < .001, respectively), along with elevated plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and reduced clinical attachment levels (p < .001). Vitronectin was elevated, while fetuin-A was lower in P + CAD, but both improved post-SRP (p < .001).

Conclusions: Enhanced vitronectin and fetuin-A levels post-SRP indicate their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for both periodontal and CAD.

Keywords: biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; glycoproteins; molecular biology; periodontal medicine; periodontitis.