Homogenized contact in all-perovskite tandems using tailored 2D perovskite

Yurui Wang; Renxing Lin; Chenshuaiyu Liu; Xiaoyu Wang; Cullen Chosy; Yuki Haruta; Anh Dinh Bui; Minghui Li; Hongfei Sun; Xuntian Zheng; Haowen Luo; Pu Wu; Han Gao; Wenjie Sun; Yuefeng Nie; Hesheng Zhu; Kun Zhou; Hieu T Nguyen; Xin Luo; Ludong Li; Chuanxiao Xiao; Makhsud I Saidaminov; Samuel D Stranks; Lijun Zhang; Hairen Tan

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08158-6

Homogenized contact in all-perovskite tandems using tailored 2D perovskite

Nature. 2024 Oct 14. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08158-6. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Yurui Wang^#¹, Renxing Lin^#¹, Chenshuaiyu Liu^#¹, Xiaoyu Wang^#², Cullen Chosy^#^{3

4}, Yuki Haruta⁵, Anh Dinh Bui⁶, Minghui Li⁷, Hongfei Sun¹, Xuntian Zheng¹, Haowen Luo¹, Pu Wu¹, Han Gao¹, Wenjie Sun¹, Yuefeng Nie¹, Hesheng Zhu¹, Kun Zhou², Hieu T Nguyen⁶, Xin Luo⁸, Ludong Li¹, Chuanxiao Xiao⁷, Makhsud I Saidaminov⁵, Samuel D Stranks^{9

10}, Lijun Zhang¹¹, Hairen Tan^{12

13}

Affiliations

¹ National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁴ Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
⁶ School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
⁷ Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo City, China.
⁸ Research and Development Center, Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China.
⁹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sds65@cam.ac.uk.
¹⁰ Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sds65@cam.ac.uk.
¹¹ State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China. lijun_zhang@jlu.edu.cn.
¹² National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. hairentan@nju.edu.cn.
¹³ Research and Development Center, Renshine Solar (Suzhou) Co. Ltd., Suzhou, China. hairentan@nju.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39401514
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08158-6

Abstract

The fabrication of scalable all-perovskite tandem solar cells is considered an attractive route to commercialize perovskite photovoltaic modules¹. However, the certified efficiency of 1-cm²-scale all-perovskite tandem solar cells lags behind their small-area (approximately 0.05-cm²) counterparts^2,3. This performance deficit originates from inhomogeneity in wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at a large scale. The inhomogeneity is known to be introduced at the bottom interface and within the perovskite bulk itself^4,5. Here we uncover another crucial source for the inhomogeneity-the top interface formed during the deposition of the electron transport layer (ETL; C₆₀). Meanwhile, the poor ETL interface is also a notable limitation of device performance. We address this issue by introducing a mixture of 4-fluorophenethylamine (F-PEA) and 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylammonium (CF3-PA) to create a tailored 2D perovskite layer (TTDL), in which F-PEA forms a 2D perovskite at the surface, reducing contact losses and inhomogeneity, and CF3-PA enhances charge extraction and transport. As a result, we demonstrate a high open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 1.35 V and an efficiency of 20.5% in 1.77-eV WBG PSCs at a square-centimetre scale. By stacking with a narrow-bandgap (NBG) perovskite subcell, we report 1.05-cm² all-perovskite tandem cells delivering 28.5% (certified 28.2%) efficiency, the highest reported so far. Our work showcases the importance of treating the top perovskite/ETL contact for upscaling PSCs.