Influence of Gamma irradiation on shape memory polymer nano-composite for satellite deployment mechanism

Emad Mousa; Eman O Taha; Salah Lotfy; Ahmad Anwar

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-73676-2

Influence of Gamma irradiation on shape memory polymer nano-composite for satellite deployment mechanism

Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 13;14(1):23917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73676-2.

Authors

Emad Mousa¹, Eman O Taha², Salah Lotfy³, Ahmad Anwar⁴

Affiliations

¹ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt. emad@sci.cu.edu.eg.
² Petroleum Applications Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt.
³ Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
⁴ Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt.

Abstract

This research investigates the impact of gamma irradiation on epoxy-MWCNT nanocomposites for satellite deployment mechanisms. Nanocomposites, enhanced with surfactants, were meticulously prepared and subjected to controlled gamma irradiation (250-1000 kGy) utilizing the Cobalt-60 facility Industrial Mega Gamma-1 at NCRRT in Egypt. Surface tension measurements explored surfactant effects on epoxy-MWCNT composites in acetone. Acetone reduced tension from 26.7 to be 24.2 (mN/m). Surfactants (Tween 80, SDS) effectively lowered tension (24.4 mN/m), while surfactant-free systems had higher tension (25.1 mN/m). Cationic surfactant (CTAB) slightly increased tension (25.4 mN/m) but aided MWCNT dispersion. Nonionic and anionic surfactants showed superior dispersing power, aligning with MWCNTs and enhancing dispersion. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) unveiled alterations in the thermal stability of epoxy-MWCNT nanocomposites induced by radiation, particularly evident at elevated doses (500 and 1000 kGy). Notably, surfactant-modified specimens exhibited discernible effects on various thermal stability parameters. DMA analysis revealed radiation-induced changes in viscoelastic properties. Unirradiated epoxy exhibited a T_g of 58 °C, while 250 kGy irradiation enhanced crosslinking (T_g: 64 °C). Higher doses (500 kGy, 1000 kGy) caused marginal T_g changes. Surfactant-modified samples showed varied effects, with Tween 80 emphasizing its role in phase separation. Results highlighted radiation's influence on stiffness and energy dissipation. Shape memory behavior indicated increased recovery time with higher doses, except at 250 kGy. Epoxy-MWCNT exhibited a stable recovery time, suggesting a MWCNT stabilizing effect. Fixation rates consistently reached 100%, indicating improved shape recovery influenced by MWCNTs and surfactants. This study provides insights into optimizing nanocomposites for satellite deployment applications.

Keywords: Gamma irradiation; Nano-composite; Satellite deployment; Shape memory polymers.