Structural characteristics of a purified Evodiae fructus polysaccharide and its gastroprotection and relevant mechanism against alcohol-induced gastric lesions in rats

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Nov;281(Pt 3):136410. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136410. Epub 2024 Oct 11.

Abstract

Evodiae fructus polysaccharide (EFP) has been previously shown to protect against alcohol-induced gastric lesions. However, which and how active fractions in EFP exert gastroprotection remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the structure of the purified fraction (EFP-2-1) of EFP, and investigate its gastroprotection and underlying mechanisms. EFP-2-1 was obtained through column chromatography, and was characterized using instrumental analytical techniques. Gastroprotective effect of EFP-2-1 was evaluated using alcohol-induced gastric lesions in rats, and its mechanism was explored through proteomics, metabolomics and diversity sequencing. Results showed that EFP-2-1 had a molecular weight of 7.3 kDa, and consisted mainly of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose. Its backbone contained HG and RG-I domains, and branched with →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, α-l-Araf-(1→ and →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. EFP-2-1 reduced gastric lesions and the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6, activated PPARγ, primarily altered protein digestion and absorption and bile secretion metabolic pathways, regulated gut microbiota like Faecalibaculum and Lachnoclostridium, and increased short-chain fatty acids production. Correlations were observed among the gut microbiota, metabolites and biochemical indexes influenced by EFP-2-1. These findings suggest that EFP-2-1 is an active fraction of EFP for protecting against alcohol-induced gastric lesions, which may be linked to PPARγ activation, gut microbiota and serum metabolism.

Keywords: Evodiae fructus polysaccharide; Functional food; Gut-stomach axis; Stomach nourishment.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Ethanol / chemistry
  • Fruit / chemistry
  • Gastric Mucosa / drug effects
  • Gastric Mucosa / metabolism
  • Gastric Mucosa / pathology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects
  • Male
  • Molecular Weight
  • Polysaccharides* / chemistry
  • Polysaccharides* / pharmacology
  • Protective Agents / chemistry
  • Protective Agents / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Stomach Ulcer / chemically induced
  • Stomach Ulcer / drug therapy
  • Stomach Ulcer / pathology
  • Stomach Ulcer / prevention & control

Substances

  • Polysaccharides
  • Ethanol
  • Protective Agents