Effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency on bone disorders and sarcopenia caused by adenine-induced renal dysfunction in mice

PLoS One. 2024 Oct 10;19(10):e0311902. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311902. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue and often involves CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) and sarcopenia. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. PAI-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and muscle wasting induced by inflammatory conditions. However, the roles of PAI-1 in CKD-MBD and sarcopenia remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the roles of PAI-1 in bone loss and muscle wasting induced by adenine in PAI-1-deficient mice. CKD was induced in PAI-1+/+ and PAI-1-/- mice by administration of adenine for ten weeks. Muscle wasting was assessed by grip strength test, quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis and muscle weight measurement. Osteoporosis was assessed by micro-CT analysis of femoral microstructural parameters. PAI-1 deficiency did not affect adenine-induced decreases in body weight and food intake or renal dysfunction in male or female mice. PAI-1 deficiency also did not affect adenine-induced decreases in grip strength, muscle mass in the lower limbs, or the tissue weights of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior muscles in male or female mice. PAI-1 deficiency aggravated trabecular bone loss in CKD-induced male mice, but significantly increased trabecular bone in CKD-induced female mice. On the other hand, PAI-1 deficiency did not affect cortical bone loss in CKD-induced mice. In conclusion, PAI-1 is not critical for the pathophysiology of CKD-MBD or CKD-induced sarcopenia in mice. However, PAI-1 may be partly related to bone metabolism in trabecular bone in the CKD state with sex differences.

MeSH terms

  • Adenine* / adverse effects
  • Adenine* / toxicity
  • Animals
  • Female
  • Hemorrhagic Disorders / metabolism
  • Hemorrhagic Disorders / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
  • Osteoporosis / chemically induced
  • Osteoporosis / etiology
  • Osteoporosis / metabolism
  • Osteoporosis / pathology
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / deficiency
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / genetics
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / metabolism
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / chemically induced
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / complications
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / metabolism
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / pathology
  • Sarcopenia* / etiology
  • Sarcopenia* / metabolism
  • Sarcopenia* / pathology
  • X-Ray Microtomography

Substances

  • Adenine
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

Supplementary concepts

  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Deficiency

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the following grants: a JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Early Career Scientists (No. 22K16755) to Y.M. and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. C:20K09514; No. C:KK230021) to H.K. (https://www.jsps.go.jp/j-grantsinaid/); The Salt Science Research Foundation (No. 22C1) to H.K. (https://www.saltscience.or.jp/research/). No funders play role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.