1 Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Rural Health Resource Center - Iowa City, VA Office of Rural Health, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: heather.davila@va.gov.
2 Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
3 Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
4 VA Quality Scholars Program, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
5 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
6 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
7 Department of Medical Physiology and Primary Care and Rural Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA.
8 Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
9 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
10 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
11 Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Wolff Center at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.