Depressed "ping pong" skull fractures in the newborns: A cohort study

Suhair M A Qudsieh; Mohammed M Al Barbarawi; Omar F Altal; Ala M Al Barbarawi; Raed M Al-Zoubi; Mazhar S Al Zoubi

doi:10.1002/hsr2.2283

Depressed "ping pong" skull fractures in the newborns: A cohort study

Health Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 25;7(9):e2283. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.2283. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Authors

Suhair M A Qudsieh¹, Mohammed M Al Barbarawi², Omar F Altal³, Ala M Al Barbarawi⁴, Raed M Al-Zoubi^{5

6}, Mazhar S Al Zoubi⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan.
² Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan.
³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan.
⁵ Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar.
⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, QU-Health, College of Health Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar.
⁷ Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan.

Abstract

Background and aims: A ping pong fracture is a rare depressed skull fracture (DSF) observed in infants. It occurs due to the inward buckling of the calvarium, creating a cup-like shape. Trauma during childbirth, particularly from instrumental delivery or the application of pressure by physicians or midwives during challenging deliveries, is the primary cause. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics associated with DSF in newborns and to identify the main factors related to its incidence and the type of hematoma involved.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control analysis of all newborns delivered with DSF at King Abdulla University Hospital in Jordan between January 2008 and December 2020. The medical records were reviewed, and clinical data were collected and analyzed.

Results: Out of 42,955 live births delivered at King Abdulla University Hospital, 13 cases of DSF were observed, giving an incidence of 3.0 in 10,000 live births. All cases were delivered at full term. Of the 13 cases, nine cases were associated with the use of instrumental delivery. Seven of those nine cases were delivered vaginally, while the other two cases required cesarean section following unsuccessful instrumental delivery. Four cases were spontaneous, with no history of trauma or instrument use, and delivered by cesarean section. Only 3 of the 13 cases required neurosurgical elevation of DSF. The outcome was excellent in all cases, both cosmetically and neurologically.

Conclusion: Ping-pong skull fractures are seen in newborns infrequently in the Jordanian population, with an incidence of 0.03%. Most of the cases have resulted from difficult deliveries though spontaneous fractures can be encountered rarely. The treatment is usually conservative with spontaneous resolution. The overall prognosis is excellent both neurologically and cosmically.

Keywords: depressed skull fracture; difficult delivery; instrumental delivery; neonate; newborn; ping pong fracture; skull fracture elevation.