Radiomics-Based Support Vector Machine Distinguishes Molecular Events Driving the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma

Hong-Ji Li; Zhen-Bin Qiu; Meng-Min Wang; Chao Zhang; Hui-Zhao Hong; Rui Fu; Li-Shan Peng; Chen Huang; Qian Cui; Jia-Tao Zhang; Jing-Yun Ren; Lei Jiang; Yi-Long Wu; Wen-Zhao Zhong

doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2024.09.1431

Radiomics-Based Support Vector Machine Distinguishes Molecular Events Driving the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma

J Thorac Oncol. 2024 Sep 19:S1556-0864(24)02330-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.09.1431. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Hong-Ji Li¹, Zhen-Bin Qiu¹, Meng-Min Wang², Chao Zhang¹, Hui-Zhao Hong², Rui Fu², Li-Shan Peng², Chen Huang², Qian Cui³, Jia-Tao Zhang², Jing-Yun Ren⁴, Lei Jiang⁴, Yi-Long Wu², Wen-Zhao Zhong⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
² Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Nuclear Medicine, WeiLun PET Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
⁵ School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: syzhongwenzhao@scut.edu.cn.

PMID: 39306192
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2024.09.1431

Abstract

Introduction: An increasing number of early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) are detected as lung nodules. The radiological features related to LUAD progression warrant further investigation. Exploration is required to bridge the gap between radiomics-based features and molecular characteristics of lung nodules.

Methods: Consensus clustering was applied to the radiomic features of 1212 patients to establish stable clustering. Clusters were illustrated using clinicopathological and next-generation sequencing. A classifier was constructed to further investigate the molecular characteristics in patients with paired computed tomography and RNA sequencing data.

Results: Patients were clustered into four clusters. Cluster 1 was associated with a low consolidation-to-tumor ratio, preinvasion, grade I disease, and good prognosis. Clusters 2 and 3 reported increasing malignancy with a higher consolidation-to-tumor ratio, higher pathologic grade, and poor prognosis. Cluster 2 possessed more spread through air spaces and cluster 3 reported a higher proportion of pleural invasion. Cluster 4 had similar clinicopathological features as cluster 1 except but a proportion of grade II disease. RNA sequencing indicated that cluster 1 represented nodules with indolent growth and good differentiation, whereas cluster 4 reported progression in cell development but still had low proliferative activity. Nodules with high proliferation were classified into clusters 2 and 3. In addition, the radiomics classifier distinguished cluster 2 as nodules harboring an activated immune environment, whereas cluster 3 represented nodules with a suppressive immune environment. Furthermore, signatures associated with the prognosis of early-stage LUAD were validated in external datasets.

Conclusions: Radiomics features can manifest molecular events driving the progression of LUAD. Our study provides molecular insight into radiomics features and assists in the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage LUAD.

Keywords: Genomics; Lung adenocarcinoma; NSCLC; Radiomics; Transcriptomics.