Defect Engineering: Can it Mitigate Strong Coulomb Effect of Mg2+ in Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries?

Zhengqing Fan; Ruimin Li; Xin Zhang; Wanyu Zhao; Zhenghui Pan; Xiaowei Yang

doi:10.1007/s40820-024-01495-1

Defect Engineering: Can it Mitigate Strong Coulomb Effect of Mg²⁺ in Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries?

Nanomicro Lett. 2024 Sep 20;17(1):4. doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01495-1.

Authors

Zhengqing Fan¹, Ruimin Li², Xin Zhang¹, Wanyu Zhao³, Zhenghui Pan⁴, Xiaowei Yang⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
² School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, People's Republic of China.
³ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. wanyuzhao@sjtu.edu.cn.
⁴ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China. zhenghuipan@tongji.edu.cn.
⁵ School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China. yangxw@sjtu.edu.cn.

PMID: 39302540
DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01495-1

Abstract

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered a promising "post lithium-ion battery" system to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the emerging electric vehicle and grid energy storage market. However, the sluggish diffusion kinetics of bivalent Mg²⁺ in the host material, related to the strong Coulomb effect between Mg²⁺ and host anion lattices, hinders their further development toward practical applications. Defect engineering, regarded as an effective strategy to break through the slow migration puzzle, has been validated in various cathode materials for RMBs. In this review, we first thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanism of Mg²⁺ diffusion in cathode materials, from which the key factors affecting ion diffusion are further presented. Then, the positive effects of purposely introduced defects, including vacancy and doping, and the corresponding strategies for introducing various defects are discussed. The applications of defect engineering in cathode materials for RMBs with advanced electrochemical properties are also summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of defect engineering in cathode materials for the overall high-performance RMBs are described.

Keywords: Cathode materials; Defect engineering; Ion migration; Rechargeable magnesium battery; Sluggish diffusion kinetic.

Publication types

Review