Microdialysis-integrated HPLC system with dual-electrode detection using track-etched membrane electrodes for in vivo monitoring of dopamine dynamics

Yukuto Ogawa; Sohei Tsugita; Yuka Torii; Hiten Iwamoto; Tsukasa Sato; Jiro Kasahara; Masaki Takeuchi; Tomohiko Kuwabara; Masamitsu Iiyama; Toshio Takayanagi; Hitoshi Mizuguchi

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124318

Microdialysis-integrated HPLC system with dual-electrode detection using track-etched membrane electrodes for in vivo monitoring of dopamine dynamics

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2024 Sep 14:1247:124318. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124318. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
² Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
³ Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
⁴ Nomura Micro Science Co., Ltd., 2-9-10 Okada, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0021, Japan.
⁵ Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan. Electronic address: mizu@tokushima-u.ac.jp.

PMID: 39299150
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124318

Abstract

A capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a dual-electrode detector utilizing track-etched membrane electrodes (TEMEs) was combined with a microdialysis sampling setup. The electrochemical detector benefits from the high electrolysis efficiency of TEMEs, allowing for calibration-free coulometric detection and simplifying data analysis to determine the dopamine recovery through a dialysis probe. Additionally, this system was used for in vivo monitoring of dopamine in the right striatum of a mouse brain. Temporal changes in dopamine levels, including an exponential decay immediately after the dialysis probe insertion and an excess release of dopamine induced by a high concentration of potassium ions, confirmed the system's proper operation. Furthermore, subsequent measurements following the intraperitoneal injection of mirtazapine showed no increase in dopamine levels in the right dorsal striatum. The dual-electrode system displayed characteristic dopamine detection behavior, with anodic and cathodic peak pairs indicative of reversible electrochemical reactions. This capability facilitated the identification of the dopamine peak within the complex chromatogram of the mouse brain dialysate. The consistency between dopamine collection efficiency from standard solutions and dialysate indicated the absence of interfering electroactive substances overlapping with the dopamine peak in the chromatogram. This integrated analysis system successfully tracked temporal fluctuations in dopamine concentration within the mouse brain.

Keywords: Coulometric detection; Dopamine; Dual-electrode detection; In vivo microdialysis; Track-etched membrane electrodes (TEMEs).