Traumatised Nurses' Desired Support Needs for Continued Recovery After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Descriptive Study Utilising Photovoice

Abstract

Aims: The aims of this study were to describe the experiences of nurses in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore nurses' current desired support needs.

Design: This study used a qualitative descriptive design.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Southeastern United States at an academic health system encompassing acute care hospitals and outpatient speciality clinics. Thirteen nurses were interviewed in August and September of 2023 in five small groups of two or three nurses. Photovoice was used for data collection and each nurse submitted two photographs. Data were analysed utilising conventional content analysis, with transcripts and photograph analysis occurring concurrently.

Results: Three themes were identified: (1) organisational turmoil, (2) personal traumatisation and transitions and (3) striving for revival and renewal. A conceptual model illustrating the three themes and their relationships was developed to depict study findings.

Conclusion: Nurses were impacted by organisational factors, such as staffing issues and lack of support, and personally through psychological trauma that has remained challenging. Nurses found revival and renewal in their personal lives, but still desire continued improvement in organisational factors to enhance their well-being in ways not currently being addressed to allow for full recovery. Findings from this study are pertinent for healthcare organisations and leaders to develop organisational changes and mental health solutions to support nurse well-being.

Implications for the profession: The prioritisation of nurse well-being is critical for the nursing profession and healthcare organisations. Organisational improvements and the implementation of support resources are urgently needed to aid in nurse recovery, nurse retention and to ensure patients receive quality care.

Impact: This study identified nurses' struggles 3 years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the ongoing need to provide resources and interventions that support nurse well-being. Our findings offer nurses' descriptions of their experiences and support needs for organisations and healthcare leaders to consider in the future.

Reporting method: Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) Checklist.

Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution.

Keywords: COVID‐19; nurse; photovoice; qualitative; second victim; well‐being.