Panax ginseng extract prevents UVB-induced skin photodamage by modulating VMP1-mediated ER stress

Abstract

Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a crucial toxic signaling event triggered by chronic exposure to Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), which significantly exacerbate photodamage responses in the irradiated skin. Therefore, the identification of agents capable of inhibiting ER stress could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing the unmet clinical needs in the treatment of UVB-induced photodamage.

Methods: A UVB-irradiated mouse model was used and topical administration of Panax ginseng extract was carried out for a duration of 9 weeks. Vitamin E was used as a positive control. After 9 weeks of administration, the skin appearance, epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, and collagen content were measured. The keratinocytes were irradiated with 6 mJ/cm² UVB to establish an in vitro model. The levels of ER stress and apoptosis were investigated both in vivo and in vitro using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence.

Results: Among the 14 extracts derived from 13 distinct plant species that were screened, Panax ginseng, Prunus mume, and Camellia japonica showed inhibitory effect on UVB-induced ER stress. Notably, Panax ginseng effectively inhibits collagen degradation and apoptosis in both irradiated keratinocytes and Balb/C mice skin. Furthermore, the silencing of VMP1 significantly impeded the cellular protective effect of Panax ginseng extract on UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, indicating that Panax ginseng exerts its protective effects through targeted promotion of VMP1.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that Panax ginseng extract possess a therapeutical effect on UVB radiation-induced photodamage by promoting VMP1-mediated inhibition of ER stress.

Keywords: ER stress; Panax ginseng; Photodamage; UVB; VMP1.