A wearable iontophoresis enables dual-responsive transdermal delivery for atopic dermatitis treatment

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2025 Jan 15;678(Pt A):908-919. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.209. Epub 2024 Aug 28.

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammation skin disease that remains a major public health challenge. The current drug-loading hydrogel dressings offer numerous benefits with enhanced loading capacity and a moist-rich environment. However, their development is still limited by the accessibility of a suitable driven source outside the clinical environment for precise control over transdermal delivery kinetics. Here, we prepare a sulfonated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polyelectrolyte hydrogel drug reservoir that responds to different stimuli-both endogenous cue (body temperature) and exogenous cue (electrical stimulation), for wearable on-demand transdermal delivery with enhanced efficacy. Functioned as both the drug reservoir and cathode in a Zn battery-powered iontophoresis patch, this dual-responsive hydrogel achieves high drug release efficiency (68.4 %) at 37 °C. Evaluation in hairless mouse skin demonstrates the efficacy of this technology by facilitating transdermal transport of 12.2 μg cm-2 dexamethasone phosphate when discharged with a 103 Ω external resistor for 3 h. The Zn battery-driven iontophoresis results in an effective treatment of atopic dermatitis, displaying reductions in epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration inhibition, and a decrease in IgE levels. This work provides a new treatment modality for chronic epidermal diseases that require precise drug delivery in a non-invasive way.

Keywords: Atopic dermatitis; Conductive hydrogel; Iontophoresis; Transdermal delivery; Zn battery.

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Cutaneous*
  • Animals
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic* / chemistry
  • Dermatitis, Atopic* / drug therapy
  • Dermatitis, Atopic* / pathology
  • Dexamethasone / administration & dosage
  • Dexamethasone / analogs & derivatives
  • Dexamethasone / chemistry
  • Dexamethasone / pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Drug Liberation
  • Hydrogels / chemistry
  • Iontophoresis*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Hairless
  • Polymers* / chemistry
  • Skin / metabolism
  • Wearable Electronic Devices*

Substances

  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
  • poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)
  • Polymers
  • Dexamethasone
  • Hydrogels
  • dexamethasone 21-phosphate