Survivorship, complications, and functional outcomes of uncemented distal femoral endoprosthesis with short, curved stem for patients with bone tumours

Bone Joint J. 2024 Sep 1;106-B(9):1000-1007. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.106B9.BJJ-2024-0109.R1.

Abstract

Aims: Endoprosthetic reconstruction following distal femur tumour resection has been widely advocated. In this paper, we present the design of an uncemented endoprosthesis system featuring a short, curved stem, with the goal of enhancing long-term survivorship and functional outcomes.

Methods: This study involved patients who underwent implantation of an uncemented distal femoral endoprosthesis with a short and curved stem between 2014 and 2019. Functional outcomes were assessed using the 1993 version of the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS-93) score. Additionally, we quantified five types of complications and assessed osseointegration radiologically. The survivorship of the endoprosthesis was evaluated according to two endpoints. A total of 134 patients with a median age of 26 years (IQR 16 to 41) were included in our study. The median follow-up time was 61 months (IQR 56 to 76), and the median functional MSTS-93 was 83% (IQR 73 to 91) postoperatively.

Results: Overall, 21 patients (16%) encountered complications, and the rate of aseptic loosening was 7% (9/134). The survival rate up to 8.5 years was 93% for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, and 88% for any reason as the endpoint, retrospectively.

Conclusion: The use of an uncemented distal femoral endoprosthesis with a short, curved stem demonstrated a low incidence of aseptic loosening and achieved long-term survivorship of up to nine years. Meanwhile, aseptic loosening typically occurs in the early stage postoperatively.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Bone Neoplasms / surgery
  • Female
  • Femoral Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Femur / surgery
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications* / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications* / etiology
  • Prosthesis Design*
  • Prosthesis Failure*
  • Prosthesis Implantation / methods
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult