Mixture toxic mechanism of phoxim and prochloraz in the hook snout carp Opsariichthysbidens

Liping Chen; Jiansheng Jin; Kan Shao; Zhenlan Xu; Lu Lv; Changxin Wu; Yanhua Wang

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143217

Mixture toxic mechanism of phoxim and prochloraz in the hook snout carp Opsariichthysbidens

Chemosphere. 2024 Aug 30:364:143217. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143217. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Liping Chen¹, Jiansheng Jin², Kan Shao³, Zhenlan Xu¹, Lu Lv¹, Changxin Wu⁴, Yanhua Wang⁵

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
² Huzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
³ Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405, USA.
⁴ State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: wuzaas@qq.com.
⁵ State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: wangyanh79@hotmail.com.

PMID: 39216554
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143217

Abstract

Pesticides are usually found as mixtures in surface water bodies, even though their regulation in aquatic ecosystems is usually approached individually. In this context, this work aimed to investigate the enzymatic- and transcriptional-level responses after the mixture exposure of phoxim (PHX) and prochloraz (PRC) in the livers of hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens. These data exhibited that co-exposure to PHX and PRC induced an acute synergistic impact on O. bidens. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), carboxylesterase (CarE), and caspase3 varied significantly in most of the individual and combined challenges relative to basal values, indicating the activation of oxidative stress, detoxification dysfunction, as well as cell apoptosis. Besides, the transcriptional levels of five genes (gst, erα, mn-sod, cxcl-c1c, and il-8) exhibited more pronounced changes when subjected to combined pesticide exposure in contrast to the corresponding individual compounds. The findings revealed the manifestation of endocrine dysfunction and immune disruption. These results underscored the potential biochemical and molecular toxicity posed by the combination of PHX and PRC to O. bidens, thereby contributing to a deeper comprehension of the ecological toxicity of pesticide mixtures on aquatic organisms. Importantly, the concurrent presence of PHX and PRC might exacerbate hepatocellular damage in hook snout carps, potentially attributable to their synergistic toxic interactions. This study underscored the toxicological potency inherent in the co-occurrence of PHX and PRC in influencing fish development, thereby offering valuable insights for the risk assessment of pesticide mixtures and the safeguarding of aquatic organisms.

Keywords: Enzymatic activities; Gene expression; Pesticides interaction; Synergistic effect.