Impact of bridging thrombolysis versus endovascular thrombectomy alone on outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke

Muath Alobaida; Stephanie L Harrison; Deirdre A Lane; Fiona Rowe; Philip Austin; Azmil H Abdul-Rahim; Gregory Y H Lip

doi:10.1111/ene.16453

Impact of bridging thrombolysis versus endovascular thrombectomy alone on outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke

Eur J Neurol. 2024 Aug 23:e16453. doi: 10.1111/ene.16453. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Muath Alobaida^{1

2

3}, Stephanie L Harrison^{1

2

4}, Deirdre A Lane^{1

2

5}, Fiona Rowe⁶, Philip Austin⁷, Azmil H Abdul-Rahim^{1

2

8}, Gregory Y H Lip^{1

2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
² Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
³ Department of Basic Science, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
⁵ Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
⁶ Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
⁷ TriNetX, London, UK.
⁸ Stroke Division, Department of Medicine for Older People, Whiston Hospital, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Rainhill, UK.

PMID: 39177017
DOI: 10.1111/ene.16453

Abstract

Background and purpose: The impact of bridging thrombolysis prior to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) compared to EVT alone on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and death in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is not well defined.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from a federated research network (TriNetX) including 114 health care organisations in the United States. Anticoagulated AF patients with AIS who received either bridging thrombolysis (BT) or EVT alone from September 2018 to November 2023 were included. Following propensity score matching, Cox regression analyses examined the risk of ICH, SAH, and death within 30 and 90 days, comparing anticoagulated AF patients receiving BT versus EVT only.

Results: A total of 3156 patients with AIS were treated with BT or EVT alone. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, the cohort included 766 patients in each group. ICH occurred within 30 and 90 days in 6.9% and 8.0% in the BT group compared with 7.4% and 7.7% in the EVT-only group (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63-1.33 and HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.71-1.45, respectively). SAH occurred within 30 and 90 days in 4.2% and 4.4% of patients in the BT compared to 3.0% and 3.4% in the EVT-only group (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.81-2.38 and HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.77-2.14, respectively). Death occurred within 30 and 90 days in 17.8% and 19.8% of patients in the BT compared to 22.2% and 27.3% in the EVT-only group (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62-0.97 and HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.56-0.86, respectively).

Conclusions: In anticoagulated AF patients with AIS, BT was associated with a significantly lower risk of death, with no difference in ICH or SAH risk within 30 and 90 days compared to EVT only.

Keywords: anticoagulation; atrial fibrillation; bridging thrombolysis; endovascular thrombectomy; ischaemic stroke; outcome.