Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent multi-national mpox outbreak significantly disrupted sexual health care delivery, particularly impacting men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated these public health emergencies in relation to perceptions, attitudes, and sexual practices among MSM affiliated with a collective sex venue (CSV).
Methods: Electronic surveys were sent to clientele of a high-volume CSV between June 2021 and November 2022 across three time periods defined as pre-Omicron, post-Omicron, and mpox. Data collection encompassed sociodemographics, healthcare access, STI/HIV status, COVID-19 testing, and sexual behaviors. Multivariable regression analyses identified factors associated with self-reported COVID-19 testing and positivity, and mpox exposure.
Results: Among 1,135 responses, demographics were largely cisgender MSM and predominantly White. Increased self-reported COVID-19 positivity was associated with having more sex partners and frequenting bathhouses for meeting sex partners. Confidence in COVID-19 mitigation strategies decreased post-Omicron. Factors linked to mpox exposure included younger age, increased sex partners, STI positivity, and lower confidence in mitigation strategies.
Discussion: These findings underscore the intersectionality between sexual behaviors and public health responses to COVID-19 and mpox among MSM communities affiliated with a CSV. Decreased confidence in mitigation strategies and changes in sexual behaviors during public health emergencies underscore the need for targeted interventions and messaging. Collaboration between health departments and CSVs can facilitate responses to current and future public health threats and interventions.
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