Successful rechallenge with azacytidine and venetoclax after sustained treatment-free remission in a relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patient: a case report

Ann Hematol. 2024 Oct;103(10):4309-4311. doi: 10.1007/s00277-024-05922-6. Epub 2024 Aug 3.

Abstract

Combined therapy with venetoclax and hypomethylating agents has significantly improved the outcome of unfit patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. A recently published exploratory analysis of the VIALE-A trial reported that up to 51% of patients achieving remission survived more than 2 years. These data along with those from reallife settings, lead to questioning how long it is appropriate to continue treatment in long-term survivors. Accordingly, recent retrospective studies suggested the feasibility of suspending therapy in selected patients while maintaining prolonged responses. Also, these studies showed that retreatment may induce a second remission in almost a third of patients. We report the case of a patient who received salvage therapy with venetoclax and azacytidine, that was discontinued few cycles after blasts clearance because of severe hematological toxicity. Despite suspension, he maintained a sustained response lasting almost one year and was successfully retreated with the same combination when a second relapse occurred.

Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Azacytidine; Rechallenge; Retreatment; Treatment-free remission; Venetoclax.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols* / therapeutic use
  • Azacitidine* / administration & dosage
  • Azacitidine* / therapeutic use
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic* / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / drug therapy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Recurrence
  • Remission Induction*
  • Salvage Therapy
  • Sulfonamides* / administration & dosage
  • Sulfonamides* / therapeutic use

Substances

  • venetoclax
  • Sulfonamides
  • Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
  • Azacitidine