Potential use of other starch sources in the treatment of glycogen storage disease type Ia - an in vitro study

Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2024 Jul 30;19(1):283. doi: 10.1186/s13023-024-03201-1.

Abstract

Background: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) is one of the most common hepatic GSD. Its treatment mainly consists of a diet including a high intake of slow-digestion carbohydrates such as raw cornstarch and the restriction of simple sugars. This enables the maintenance of euglycemia and prevents secondary metabolic disorders. Starch is a glucose polymer formed by amylose and amylopectin, which can be obtained from distinct sources. Although uncooked cornstarch has been successfully used in the treatment of GSD-Ia, it can lead to hyperglycemia and weight gain. in vitro andin vivo tests indicated that sweet manioc starch can be potentially used in the treatment of GSD-Ia.

Results: The moisture analysis revealed a variation from 10.3 to 12.8% in the sweet manioc starch samples, whereas the moisture content of uncooked cornstarch ranged from 7.3 to 11.1%. Quantifiable sugar was detected in 3/5 samples of sweet manioc starch and 1/3 samples of uncooked cornstarch. Notably, this uncooked cornstarch brand is widely employed in GSD-Ia treatment in Brazil. Products B and E had higher values of amylopectin and undetectable levels of sugars. A clinical trial is warranted to compare samples F and G and determine the impact of sugar trace in the same dietary source of starch.

Conclusions: Collectively, the results demonstrated possible therapeutic alternatives for GSD-Ia in addition to traditional uncooked cornstarch.

Keywords: Amylopectin; Cornstarch; Hepatic glycogen storage disease; Sugar; Sweet manioc starch; Therapeutic strategies.

MeSH terms

  • Amylopectin
  • Animals
  • Glycogen Storage Disease Type I* / diet therapy
  • Glycogen Storage Disease Type I* / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Starch*

Substances

  • Starch
  • Amylopectin