Tunable even- and odd-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in trilayer graphene

Yiwei Chen; Yan Huang; Qingxin Li; Bingbing Tong; Guangli Kuang; Chuanying Xi; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Guangtong Liu; Zheng Zhu; Li Lu; Fu-Chun Zhang; Ying-Hai Wu; Lei Wang

doi:10.1038/s41467-024-50589-2

Tunable even- and odd-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in trilayer graphene

Nat Commun. 2024 Jul 24;15(1):6236. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-50589-2.

Authors

Yiwei Chen^#¹, Yan Huang^#¹, Qingxin Li^#¹, Bingbing Tong^{2

3}, Guangli Kuang⁴, Chuanying Xi⁴, Kenji Watanabe⁵, Takashi Taniguchi⁶, Guangtong Liu^{7

8

9}, Zheng Zhu¹⁰, Li Lu^{2

3

11}, Fu-Chun Zhang^{10

12

13}, Ying-Hai Wu¹⁴, Lei Wang^{15

16}

Affiliations

¹ National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
² Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
³ Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
⁴ Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, 230031, China.
⁵ Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
⁶ Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan.
⁷ Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. gtliu@iphy.ac.cn.
⁸ Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China. gtliu@iphy.ac.cn.
⁹ Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China. gtliu@iphy.ac.cn.
¹⁰ Kavli Institute of Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
¹¹ Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China.
¹² CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
¹³ Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
¹⁴ School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. yinghaiwu88@hust.edu.cn.
¹⁵ National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. leiwang@nju.edu.cn.
¹⁶ Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China. leiwang@nju.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are exotic quantum many-body phases whose elementary charged excitations are anyons obeying fractional braiding statistics. While most FQH states are believed to have Abelian anyons, the Moore-Read type states with even denominators - appearing at half filling of a Landau level (LL) - are predicted to possess non-Abelian excitations with appealing potential in topological quantum computation. These states, however, depend sensitively on the orbital contents of the single-particle LL wavefunctions and the LL mixing. Here we report magnetotransport measurements on Bernal-stacked trilayer graphene, whose multiband structure facilitates interlaced LL mixing, which can be controlled by external magnetic and displacement fields. We observe robust FQH states including even-denominator ones at filling factors ν = - 9/2, - 3/2, 3/2 and 9/2. In addition, we fine-tune the LL mixing and crossings to drive quantum phase transitions of these half-filling states and neighbouring odd-denominator ones, exhibiting related emerging and waning behaviour.