Autoantibodies Neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-Negative Colombian Patients Infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans

J Clin Immunol. 2024 Jul 15;44(7):163. doi: 10.1007/s10875-024-01757-y.

Abstract

Background: Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera collected from Colombian patients with non-HIV-associated cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort from 1997 to 2016.

Methods: We reviewed clinical and laboratory records and assessed the presence of neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in 30 HIV negative adults with cryptococcosis (13 caused by C. gattii and 17 caused by C. neoformans).

Results: We detected neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in the sera of 10 out of 13 (77%) patients infected with C. gattii and one out of 17 (6%) patients infected with C. neoformans.

Conclusions: We report eleven Colombian patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis who had auto-Abs that neutralize GM-CSF. Among these patients, ten were infected with C. gattii and only one with C. neoformans.

Keywords: Cryptococcus gattii; Cryptococcus neoformans; Anti-cytokine autoantibodies; Cryptococcosis; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Neutralizing auto-abs against GM-CSF.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing* / blood
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing* / immunology
  • Autoantibodies* / blood
  • Autoantibodies* / immunology
  • Colombia
  • Cryptococcosis* / diagnosis
  • Cryptococcosis* / immunology
  • Cryptococcus gattii* / immunology
  • Cryptococcus neoformans* / immunology
  • Female
  • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* / immunology
  • HIV Seronegativity / immunology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
  • Autoantibodies
  • Antibodies, Neutralizing