Increased Vitamin C Intake Is Associated With Decreased Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Maria Pereira; Matthew Cardeiro; Lexi Frankel; Bryan Greenfield; Kazuaki Takabe; Omar M Rashid

doi:10.14740/wjon1854

Increased Vitamin C Intake Is Associated With Decreased Pancreatic Cancer Risk

World J Oncol. 2024 Aug;15(4):543-549. doi: 10.14740/wjon1854. Epub 2024 Jul 5.

Authors

Maria Pereira¹, Matthew Cardeiro¹, Lexi Frankel¹, Bryan Greenfield¹, Kazuaki Takabe^{2

3}, Omar M Rashid^{4

5

6

7

8

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
² Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
³ Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
⁴ Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Holy Cross Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
⁵ University of Miami, Leonard Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
⁶ Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁷ Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
⁸ Complex General Surgical Oncology, General and Robotic Surgery, TopLine MD Alliance, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA.
⁹ Memorial Health, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA.
¹⁰ Delray Medical Center, Delray, FL, USA.

Abstract

Background: Patients with pancreatic cancer have an unfavorable 5-year survival rate of approximately 3% due to diagnosis occurring at advanced stages. Prior research has proposed vitamin C may have a therapeutic and preventative role in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant national database was utilized to assess pancreatic cancer risk in patients with or without a history of vitamin C intake. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were used, specifically the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10) and International Classification of Diseases, Nineth Edition (ICD-9), between January 2010 and December 2020. Patients were matched, and statistical analyses were implemented. Chi-squared, logistic regression, and odds ratio were used to test for significance and to estimate relative risk.

Results: A total of 83,941 patients were identified as utilizing prescribed vitamin C. Subsequent matching by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and age resulted in two groups of 50,384 patients. The incidence of pancreatic cancer was 243 (0.48%) in the group with a history of vitamin C intake compared to 442 (0.88%) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant by P < 3.174 × 10^-14 with an odds ratio of 0.548 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.468 - 0.641). Overall, patients without vitamin C prescription had an increased prevalence of pancreatic cancer throughout all ages and regions of the United States when compared to those with a vitamin C prescription. In addition, healthcare costs were higher in total for the control group when compared to the experimental group.

Conclusions: This retrospective cohort study found a statistically significant correlation between vitamin C and subsequent incidence of pancreatic cancer. Further studies are recommended to explore vitamin C's redox and cofactor activity in the context of preventing and possibly treating pancreatic cancer, as well as consider pancreatic cancer lifestyle risk factors such as smoking.

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer; Risk factors; Vitamin C.

Grants and funding

Grant support: Broward Community Foundation.