Objective: To explore the related factors of thrombocytopenia (TCP) occurrence in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Inpatients with an initial diagnosis of cirrhosis at Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020 were included. Clinical data such as demographic characteristics, etiology of cirrhosis, complications of cirrhosis, laboratory indicators, Child-Pugh grade, invasive procedures, and mortality during hospitalization were collected. A logistic regression model was used to explore the related factors of TCP occurrence in patients with cirrhosis. Categorical variables were compared by the χ(2) test. The inter-group comparison was performed using continuous variables, a t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or a nonparametric test. Results: There were a total of 2 592 cases of cirrhosis. 75 cases with incomplete clinical data were excluded. 2 517 cases were included for analysis. The median age was 58 (50, 67) years. Males accounted for 64%. 1 435 cases (57.0%) developed TCP, and 434 cases (17.2%) had grade 3-4 TCP. Gender, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and concomitant esophagogastric varices (EGV) were the major factors associated with TCP. Females were more prone to combine with TCP (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.12-1.56, P=0.001). Patients combined with EGV (OR=3.09, 95%CI: 2.63-3.65, P<0.001) were more prone to develop TCP, which was associated with the increased incidence of hypersplenism (P<0.001). Patients with PBC (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.50-0.82, P<0.001) and PSC (OR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.06-0.65, P=0.010) were less prone to develop TCP, which was due to the shorter prothrombin time and better coagulation function of PBC patients (P<0.001), and the lower proportion of hypersplenism in combined PSC patients (P=0.004). Patients with TCP and grade 3-4 TCP had a higher rate of hemostatic procedures (P<0.05), but a lower rate of liver biopsy (P<0.05). Patients with grade 3-4 TCP had a higher nosocomial mortality rate compared to those without (P=0.004). Conclusion: TCP is common in patients with cirrhosis. However, TCP occurrence is higher in female patients with EGV and lower in patients combined with PBC and PSC. TCP affects invasive procedures and is associated with adverse outcomes.
目的： 探究肝硬化患者中发生血小板减少症（TCP）的相关因素。 方法： 该研究为横断面研究。纳入北京大学第一医院2010年1月1日至2020年12月31日初次诊断为肝硬化的住院患者，收集人口统计学特征、肝硬化病因、肝硬化并发症、实验室指标、Child-Pugh分级、有创操作、住院期间病死率等临床资料。用logistic回归模型探索肝硬化患者发生TCP的相关因素。分类变量以χ(2)检验进行比较；连续变量的组间比较用t检验、单因素方差分析（ANOVA）或非参数检验。 结果： 共2 592例肝硬化患者，排除临床资料不完整的75例，纳入2 517例进行分析。其年龄为58（50，67）岁，男性占64%，1 435例（57.0%）发生TCP，434例（17.2%）出现3～4级TCP。性别、原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）、原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）、合并食管胃静脉曲张（EGV）为TCP的主要相关因素。女性（OR=1.32，95%CI：1.12～1.56，P = 0.001）更易合并TCP。合并EGV（OR=3.09，95%CI：2.63～3.65，P<0.001）者更易发生TCP，这可能与其脾功能亢进并发比例更高有关（P < 0.001）；PBC（OR=0.64，95%CI: 0.50～0.82，P < 0.001）和PSC（OR=0.23，95%CI: 0.06～0.65，P = 0.010）患者更少发生TCP，这可能是由于PBC患者的凝血酶原时间更短、凝血功能更好（P < 0.001），及PSC患者合并脾功能亢进的比例更低（P = 0.004）。TCP及3～4级TCP患者止血操作率更高（P值均<0.05），肝活检率更低（P <0.05）。3～4级TCP患者院内病死率高于未发生3～4级TCP患者（P = 0.004）。 结论： 肝硬化患者常见TCP，其中女性合并EGV患者TCP发生率较高，合并PBC和PSC者TCP发生率较低。TCP影响有创操作，且与不良结局相关。.
Keywords: Esophagogastric varices; Liver cirrhosis; Primary biliary cholangitis; Primary sclerosing cholangitis; Sex; Thrombocytopenia.