Serum Amyloid A and Haptoglobin concentrations in calves at first event of respiratory disease were not associated with subsequent risk of respiratory disease during the preweaning period

Abstract

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes decreased welfare and production losses and is a major reason for use of antimicrobials in dairy calves. Inflammatory markers released into the blood stream during BRD include acute phase proteins such as Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and Haptoglobin (Hp). This longitudinal observational study aimed to investigate whether the serum concentrations of SAA and Hp measured on the day of a detected mild clinical event of BRD, were associated the odds of developing recurrent BRD events requiring additional treatments in up to a 46-day follow-up period after the first event. A total of 65 preweaned dairy calves were observed for 46 days each in one Danish dairy herd. They were enrolled in this study in the age between 17 and 24 days of age and were followed for the following 46 days in total in which the calves potentially could develop an event of BRD. The calves were clinically assessed every other day using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), where a mild BRD event was defined as a calf that deviated from a normal and non-affected calf. The clinical signs included that the calf was less interested in its surroundings, slightly depressed, less bright, alert, and responsive with less clear eyes and using longer time to get up. The calf could have scruffy hair coat and drooping ears. Blood samples were collected on the day of the first mild BRD event that was only treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. A logistic regression model was performed to detect associations between having recurrent events of BRD and VAS, serum SAA and Hp concentrations at the day of the first BRD event and the follow-up period after the BRD event. Only the follow-up period after the first BRD event had a significant association with the odds ratio of having recurrent events of BRD of 2.3 for a 10-day difference in follow-up time after the BRD event.

Keywords: Acute phase protein; Bovine respiratory disease; Haptoglobin; NSAID; Serum Amyloid A.