Microbial colonization in the partially exposed nonabsorbable membrane during alveolar ridge preservation

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluated the impact of the partial exposition of the nonabsorbable membrane (dPTFE) on microbial colonization during bone healing.

Materials and methods: Patients indicated for tooth extraction were randomized to dPTFE group (n = 22) - tooth extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using an intentionally exposed dPTFE membrane and USH group (n = 22) - tooth extraction and unassisted socket healing. Biofilm samples were collected at the barrier in the dPTFE and on the natural healing site in the USH after 3 and 28 days. Samples from the inner surface of the dPTFE barrier were also collected (n = 13). The microbiome was evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq system.

Results: Beta diversity was different from 3 to 28 days in both groups, and at 28 days, different microbial communities were identified between therapies. The dPTFE was characterized by a higher prevalence and abundance of gram-negative and anaerobic species than USH. Furthermore, the inner surface of the dPTFE membrane was colonized by a different community than the one observed on the outer surface.

Conclusion: Intentionally exposed dPTFE membrane modulates microbial colonization in the ARP site, creating a more homogeneous and anaerobic community on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane.

Clinical relevance: DPTFE promoted faster biofilm colonization and enrichment of gram-negative and anaerobes close to the regenerated site in the membrane's inner and outer surfaces. dPTFE membrane can be used exposed to the oral site, but approaches for biofilm control should still be considered. The study was retrospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04329351).

Keywords: 16S; Bacteria; Biofilms; Bone regeneration; Dental implants; Microbiome.