Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized human metapneumovirus patients in Israel, 2015-2021: A retrospective cohort study

J Med Virol. 2024 Jun;96(6):e29709. doi: 10.1002/jmv.29709.

Abstract

This study evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection among hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infections during 2015-2021 and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on hMPV infection. A single-center, retrospective cohort study was performed, including pediatric and adult patients with laboratory-confirmed hMPV. Of a total of 990 patients, 253 (25.6%), 105 (10.6%), 121 (12.2%), and 511 (51.6%) belonged to age groups 0-2, 3-17, 18-59, and ≥60 years, respectively. The highest percentage (23.0%) of patients were hospitalized during 2019 and the lowest (4.7%) during 2020. Patients < 18 years experienced high rates of comorbidities (immunodeficiencies: 14.4% and malignancies: 29.9%). Here, 37/39 (94.9%) of all bronchiolitis cases were diagnosed in patients < 2 years, whereas more patients in older age groups were diagnosed with pneumonia. A greater proportion of hMPV patients diagnosed with viral coinfection (mostly respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus) were <18 years. The highest percentages of intensive care unit admissions were recorded among patients < 18 years. Our findings demonstrate that hMPV is an important cause of morbidity in young children and a possibly underestimated cause of morbidity among older adults.

Keywords: COVID‐19; hMPV; hospitalized; respiratory; virus.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / virology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Coinfection* / epidemiology
  • Coinfection* / virology
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Hospitalization* / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Israel / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Metapneumovirus* / isolation & purification
  • Middle Aged
  • Paramyxoviridae Infections* / epidemiology
  • Paramyxoviridae Infections* / virology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / epidemiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
  • Retrospective Studies
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Young Adult