Characteristics and Treatment Response of Patients with HIV Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma in Central Kenya

Angela McLigeyo; Kevin Owuor; Evelyne Ng'ang'a; Jonathan Mwangi; Paul Wekesa

doi:10.2147/HIV.S359278

Characteristics and Treatment Response of Patients with HIV Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma in Central Kenya

HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2022 Apr 25:14:207-215. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S359278. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Angela McLigeyo¹, Kevin Owuor¹, Evelyne Ng'ang'a¹, Jonathan Mwangi², Paul Wekesa¹

Affiliations

¹ Center for Health Solutions - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
² Division of Global HIV & TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya.

Abstract

Introduction: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated malignancy in Sub Saharan Africa. In 2018, it was the 7th most common cancer and the 10th most common cause of cancer death in Kenya. This study aimed to describe the baseline and clinical characteristics and treatment response observed following combined antiretroviral treatment (ART) and chemotherapy in KS patients.

Methods: This was a descriptive analysis of patients aged ≥15 years treated for KS and HIV at 11 treatment hubs in Central Kenya between 2011 and 2014. Data on baseline and clinical characteristics, ART and chemotherapy regimens as well as treatment responses were collected from patient files and KS registers.

Results: A total of 95 patients presenting with clinically suspected KS with no history of prior treatment with chemotherapy were reviewed. All had histological diagnostic samples taken with 67 (71%) having confirmed KS. All were on ART, either newly initiated or continuing on ART, and 63 of the 67 (94.0%) confirmed to have KS received chemotherapy. Among the 67 patients with confirmed KS, mean age was 37.2 years (± 13.2) and 40 (59.7%) were male. More than 80% had normal baseline and follow-up BMI, and 34 (50.7%) were on a TDF-based regimen, 52 (77.6%) were treated with the Adriamycin, bleomycin and vinblastine protocol, and 55 (82.1%) had KS diagnosis before HIV diagnosis. All 67 patients had mucocutaneous lesions. Complete, partial response and stable disease occurred in 27 (40.3%), 10 (14.9%) and 7 (10.4%), respectively, 11 (16.4%) defaulted care during treatment, six patients died during treatment, four patients died before treatment while two patients had progressive disease during chemotherapy.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of KS preceded HIV in the majority of cases reviewed, with histology helpful to reduce misdiagnosis. Patients generally complied with their chemotherapy, with overall good response rate for this intervention implemented at primary health-care facilities.

Keywords: HIV; Kaposi’s sarcoma; adults; characteristics; response; treatment.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under the terms of cooperative agreement NU2GGH002024-01-00.