The protective role of commensal gut microbes and their metabolites against bacterial pathogens

Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2356275. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356275. Epub 2024 May 26.

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant microorganisms have become a major public health concern around the world. The gut microbiome is a gold mine for bioactive compounds that protect the human body from pathogens. We used a multi-omics approach that integrated whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 74 commensal gut microbiome isolates with metabolome analysis to discover their metabolic interaction with Salmonella and other antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We evaluated differences in the functional potential of these selected isolates based on WGS annotation profiles. Furthermore, the top altered metabolites in co-culture supernatants of selected commensal gut microbiome isolates were identified including a series of dipeptides and examined for their ability to prevent the growth of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Our results provide compelling evidence that the gut microbiome produces metabolites, including the compound class of dipeptides that can potentially be applied for anti-infection medication, especially against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Our established pipeline for the discovery and validation of bioactive metabolites from the gut microbiome as novel candidates for multidrug-resistant infections represents a new avenue for the discovery of antimicrobial lead structures.

Keywords: Commensal bacteria; Salmonella; adenine; adenosine; antibiotic-resistant; dipeptides; metabolite.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / metabolism
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents* / pharmacology
  • Bacteria* / classification
  • Bacteria* / drug effects
  • Bacteria* / genetics
  • Bacteria* / isolation & purification
  • Bacteria* / metabolism
  • Dipeptides / metabolism
  • Dipeptides / pharmacology
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Metabolome
  • Salmonella / drug effects
  • Salmonella / genetics
  • Salmonella / metabolism
  • Symbiosis
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Dipeptides

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council [2021-01683, 2021-06112], Cancerfonden [23 2916 Pj], Svenska Läkaresällskapet [SLS-784981, SLS-960584], and Karolinska Institute Foundation J.D. and L.C. And by the Swedish Research Council [2016-04423, 2020-04707], Science for Life Laboratory Starting Grant [SLL 2016/5], and Swedish Cancer Foundation [19 0347 Pj] to D.G.