Na and K Intake from Lunches Served in a Japanese Company Cafeteria and the Estimated Improvement in the Dietary Na/K Ratio Using Low-Na/K Seasonings and Dairy to Prevent Hypertension

Nutrients. 2024 May 9;16(10):1433. doi: 10.3390/nu16101433.

Abstract

The excessive intake of sodium (Na) and insufficient intake of potassium (K) are major concerns in the prevention of hypertension. Using low-Na/K seasonings (reducing 25% of the NaCl and adding K salt) may improve the dietary Na/K ratio and help prevent hypertension. To devise an intervention study using low-Na/K seasonings at a company cafeteria, we calculated the Na and K contents of the meals served at the cafeteria and estimated changes in the intakes when suitable low-Na/K seasonings were used. We also considered using milk as a good source of K. We used an ingredient list of a company cafeteria and calculated Na and K contents in each dish. The average amounts of NaCl and K per use were 5.04 g and 718 mg, respectively. Seasonings contributed 70.9% of the NaCl. With the use of low-Na/K seasonings, an estimated reduction in NaCl of 0.8 g/day and an estimated increase in K of 308 mg/day was achieved. With an additional serving (200 mL) of milk, NaCl was reduced by 0.57 g/day and K was increased by 610 mg/day, with an overall decrease in the dietary Na/K ratio from 3.20 to 2.40. The use of low-Na/K seasonings and dairy may improve the dietary Na/K ratio among cafeteria users and help prevent hypertension.

Keywords: Japanese; company cafeteria; dairy; hypertension; nutrition; potassium; seasoning; sodium.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Dairy Products*
  • Diet, Sodium-Restricted
  • East Asian People
  • Female
  • Food Services
  • Humans
  • Hypertension* / prevention & control
  • Japan
  • Milk / chemistry
  • Potassium, Dietary* / administration & dosage
  • Potassium, Dietary* / analysis
  • Sodium Chloride, Dietary / administration & dosage
  • Sodium, Dietary* / administration & dosage
  • Sodium, Dietary* / analysis

Substances

  • Potassium, Dietary
  • Sodium, Dietary
  • Sodium Chloride, Dietary