The incidence of gastric cancer has decreased, while the occurrence of early-onset gastric cancer has increased. There is no consensus on the definition of early-onset gastric cancer currently. The characteristics of tumor staging and differentiation, coupled with the lack of targeted comprehensive treatment, present a significant clinical challenge in managing early-onset gastric cancer. Relevant studies have analyzed the genetic characteristics of early-onset gastric cancer and have preliminarily revealed its relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection and molecular subtypes. These findings have the potential to contribute to the prevention and personalized treatment of early-onset gastric cancer. In the future, larger-scale evidence-based data are needed to establish diagnostic criteria, elucidate the mechanisms, and develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of early-onset gastric cancer.
胃癌总体发病率有所下降，而早发性胃癌的发生率有所增加。目前，早发性胃癌的定义尚无定论。其分期较晚、分化较差的特征和针对性综合治疗的缺乏，使得早发性胃癌的诊治成为临床挑战之一。相关研究对早发性胃癌的遗传特征进行了解析，并初步揭示了其与幽门螺杆菌感染和分子分型之间的关系，有助于早发性胃癌的防治及个体化治疗。未来有待基于更大规模的循证证据，进一步确定诊断标准，阐明发生发展机制，制定有针对性的诊疗策略。.