A positive affect intervention alters leukocyte DNA methylation in sexual minority men with HIV who use methamphetamine

Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Aug:120:151-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.025. Epub 2024 May 20.

Abstract

Objective: This epigenomics sub-study embedded within a randomized controlled trial examined whether an evidenced-based behavioral intervention model that decreased stimulant use altered leukocyte DNA methylation (DNAm).

Methods: Sexual minority men with HIV who use methamphetamine were randomized to a five-session positive affect intervention (n = 32) or an attention-control condition (n = 21), both delivered during three months of contingency management for stimulant abstinence. All participants exhibited sustained HIV virologic control - an HIV viral load less than 40 copies/mL at baseline and six months post-randomization. The Illumina EPIC BeadChip measured leukocyte methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) sites mapping onto five a priori candidate genes of interest (i.e., ADRB2, BDNF, FKBP5, NR3C1, OXTR). Functional DNAm pathways and soluble markers of immune dysfunction were secondary outcomes.

Results: Compared to the attention-control condition, the positive affect intervention significantly decreased methylation of CpG sites on genes that regulate β2 adrenergic and oxytocin receptors. There was an inconsistent pattern for the direction of the intervention effects on methylation of CpG sites on genes for glucocorticoid receptors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Pathway analyses adjusting for the false discovery rate (padj < 0.05) revealed significant intervention-related alterations in DNAm of Reactome pathways corresponding to neural function as well as dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin release. Positive affect intervention effects on DNAm were accompanied by significant reductions in the self-reported frequency of stimulant use.

Conclusions: There is an epigenetic signature of an evidence-based behavioral intervention model that reduced stimulant use, which will guide the identification of biomarkers for treatment responses.

Keywords: Contingency management; DNA methylation; HIV; Men who have sex with Men; Methamphetamine; Oxytocin; Positive affect.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Affect / drug effects
  • Amphetamine-Related Disorders / genetics
  • Behavior Therapy / methods
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / genetics
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation*
  • Epigenesis, Genetic
  • HIV Infections* / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections* / genetics
  • Humans
  • Leukocytes* / drug effects
  • Leukocytes* / metabolism
  • Male
  • Methamphetamine*
  • Middle Aged
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid / genetics
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid / metabolism
  • Receptors, Oxytocin / genetics
  • Sexual and Gender Minorities*
  • Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / genetics

Substances

  • Methamphetamine
  • Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
  • Tacrolimus Binding Proteins
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid
  • tacrolimus binding protein 5
  • BDNF protein, human
  • Receptors, Oxytocin