Research progress on the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Yajie Zheng; Gan Li; Qin Luo; Huiyang Sha; Hang Zhang; Ruining Wang; Weili Kong; Jiedan Liao; Mengmeng Zhao

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391697

Research progress on the N protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 29:15:1391697. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391697. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Yajie Zheng¹, Gan Li¹, Qin Luo¹, Huiyang Sha¹, Hang Zhang¹, Ruining Wang², Weili Kong³, Jiedan Liao¹, Mengmeng Zhao¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
² College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China.
³ Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). PRRSV exhibits genetic diversity and complexity in terms of immune responses, posing challenges for eradication. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of PRRSV, an alkaline phosphoprotein, is important for various biological functions. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, genetic evolution, impact on PRRSV replication and virulence, interactions between viral and host proteins, modulation of host immunity, detection techniques targeting the N protein, and progress in vaccine development. The discussion provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PRRSV virulence, developing diagnostic techniques, and designing effective vaccines.

Keywords: detection techniques; genetic evolution; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus N protein; protein interactions; vaccine development.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the Innovation Project of Guangdong Graduate Education in 2022 (project numbers 2022JGXM129 and 2022JGXM128), and in 2023 (project number 2023ANLK-080), the characteristic innovation project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (2023KTSCX128), the 2022 Self-Funded Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Foshan, China (2220001005797), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 31902279.