Objective: To investigate the safety and accuracy of CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy and the possible influencing factors of postoperative bleeding complications. Methods: A case series study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 patients who underwent CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2021. The basic data of patients and the safety and accuracy of CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy were analyzed statistically. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen the influencing factors of bleeding complications in CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy, and the bleeding complications in glioma subgroup were analyzed. Results: Among the 101 patients, 53 were males and 48 were females, aged (53.7±17.2) years. The average diameter of intracranial lesions was (3.5±1.4) cm, while the vertical distance from the lesion to the meninges was (2.4±1.7) cm. The needle's intracranial depth reached (3.2±1.8) cm, with adjustments averaging (3±1) occurrences and an average procedural duration of (40.2±12.9) minutes. Pathological diagnoses included glioma (36 cases), gliosis (3 cases), lymphoma (32 cases), metastatic tumors (7 cases), inflammatory lesions (13 cases), and 10 indeterminate cases. The positive rate of puncture pathology was 90.1% (91/101), and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 94.0% (78/83). The incidence of bleeding complications in CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy was 26.7% (27/101), of which 23 cases had small intratoma or needle path bleeding, 4 cases had massive bleeding, and 2 cases died. The patients were divided into bleeding group (n=27) and no bleeding group (n=74), according to the presence or absence of bleeding. The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that thrombin time≥15 s and the number of needle adjustment were the factors affecting the occurrence of bleeding complications (both P<0.05), and the results of multivariate logistic regression showed that thrombin time≥15 s was the related factor for bleeding. Patients with thrombin time≥15 s had a 3.045 times higher risk of bleeding than those with thrombin time<15 s (OR=3.045,95%CI:1.189-7.799,P=0.020). Among the 101 patients, 36 cases of midbrain glioma were divided into low-grade glioma group (n=11) and high-grade glioma group (n=25) according to the pathological grade. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of bleeding for high-grade gliomas was 9.231 times higher than that for low-grade gliomas (OR=9.231,95%CI:1.023-83.331,P=0.031). Conclusions: CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy is safe and feasible with high accuracy. Complication rates are associated with thrombin time≥15 s, especially high-grade glioma, which increases the risk of postoperative bleeding.
目的： 探讨CT引导下颅脑占位穿刺活检的安全性、准确性及术后出血并发症可能的影响因素。 方法： 病例系列研究。回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年12月于郑州大学第一附属医院放射科行CT引导下颅脑占位穿刺活检的101例患者的临床资料。统计分析患者基本资料及CT引导下颅脑穿刺活检的安全性及准确性。应用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析筛选CT引导下颅脑占位穿刺活检出血并发症的影响因素，并对胶质瘤亚组进行出血并发症分析。 结果： 101例患者中男53例，女48例，年龄（53.7±17.2）岁，颅内病变直径为（3.5±1.4）cm，病灶距离脑膜垂直距离为（2.4±1.7）cm，针在颅内（3.2±1.8）cm，调针次数为（3±1）次，手术时间为（40.2±12.9）min。病理结果提示脑胶质瘤36例，胶质增生3例，淋巴瘤32例，转移瘤7例，炎症性病变13例，病理显示不明确10例。穿刺病理阳性率为90.1%（91/101），诊断符合率为94.0%（78/83）。CT引导下颅脑占位穿刺活检出血并发症发生率26.7%（27/101），其中23例为瘤内或针道少量出血，4例为大量出血，其中2例死亡。根据有无出血分为出血组（n=27）和无出血组（n=74）。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示，凝血酶时间≥15 s和调针次数是出血并发症发生的影响因素（均P<0.05），多因素logistic回归结果显示，凝血酶时间≥15 s是出血的相关因素，凝血酶时间≥15 s的患者出血风险是凝血酶时间<15 s患者的3.045倍（OR=3.045，95%CI：1.189~7.799，P=0.020）。101例患者中脑胶质瘤36例，根据病理级别分为低级别胶质瘤组（n=11），高级别胶质瘤组（n=25）。亚组分析显示，高级别胶质瘤的出血风险是低级别胶质瘤的9.231倍（OR=9.231，95%CI：1.023~83.331，P=0.031）。 结论： CT引导下颅脑穿刺活检是安全可行的，且准确度较高，出血并发症的发生与凝血酶时间≥15 s有关，尤其是高级别胶质瘤增加了术后出血的风险。.