Clinical evolution of antisynthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 in a man with Klinefelter syndrome: A case report

Xiang-Xiang Wu; Jian Cui; Shi-Yao Wang; Tian-Tian Zhao; Ya-Fei Yuan; Long Yang; Wei Zuo; Wen-Jian Liao

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1144

Clinical evolution of antisynthetase syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 in a man with Klinefelter syndrome: A case report

World J Clin Cases. 2024 Feb 26;12(6):1144-1149. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i6.1144.

Authors

Xiang-Xiang Wu^{1

2}, Jian Cui^{1

2}, Shi-Yao Wang^{2

3}, Tian-Tian Zhao¹, Ya-Fei Yuan^{1

2}, Long Yang^{1

2}, Wei Zuo^{1

2}, Wen-Jian Liao^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
² China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
³ Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
⁴ China-Japan Friendship Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. 897854867@qq.com.

Abstract

Background: This study presents a case of rapidly developing respiratory failure due to antisynthetase syndrome (AS) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a 33-year-old man diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome (KS).

Case summary: A 33-year-old man with a diagnosis of KS was admitted to the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of a tertiary hospital in China for fever and shortness of breath 2 wk after the onset of COVID-19. Computed tomography of both lungs revealed diffuse multiple patchy heightened shadows in both lungs, accompanied by signs of partial bronchial inflation. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggested absence of pathogen. A biopsy specimen revealed organizing pneumonia with alveolar septal thickening. Additionally, extensive auto-antibody tests showed strong positivity for anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Jo-1, and anti-Ro-52. Following multidisciplinary discussions, the patient received a final diagnosis of AS, leading to rapidly progressing respiratory failure.

Conclusion: This study underscores the clinical progression of AS-associated interstitial lung disease subsequent to viral infections such as COVID-19 in patients diagnosed with KS.

Keywords: Anti-Jo-1; Antisynthetase syndrome; COVID-19; Case report; Interstitial lung disease; Klinefelter syndrome.

Publication types

Case Reports