Prevalence and Severity of Social Anxiety Symptoms and Their Relationship With Body Dysmorphic Symptoms

Ahmad N Alhadi; Musab A Alageel; Fahad A Alsuhaibani; Hussain M Alkaff; Musaid S Albawardi; Abdullah A Alfaifi; Turky B Duraihem; Faisal A Alhayes

doi:10.7759/cureus.53436

Prevalence and Severity of Social Anxiety Symptoms and Their Relationship With Body Dysmorphic Symptoms

Cureus. 2024 Feb 2;16(2):e53436. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53436. eCollection 2024 Feb.

Authors

Ahmad N Alhadi^{1

2}, Musab A Alageel¹, Fahad A Alsuhaibani¹, Hussain M Alkaff¹, Musaid S Albawardi¹, Abdullah A Alfaifi¹, Turky B Duraihem¹, Faisal A Alhayes¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.
² Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair (SPHRAC), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU.

Abstract

Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a subtype of anxiety characterized by avoidance, fear, and physical symptoms such as dry mouth, sweating, palpitations, and blushing. SAD is one of the most common mental disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder marked by a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or minor flaws in one's physical appearance. Both disorders share similar symptoms. No satisfactory data have been provided about the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms in our region. In our study, we measured the prevalence and severity of SAD symptoms among adults in Riyadh City, as well as the sociodemographic factors associated with it. Additionally, the correlation between SAD and BDD was assessed. Methods Our study is quantitative, observational, and cross-sectional. It was conducted by administering a translated Arabic version of the Severity Measure for Social Anxiety Disorder scale and BDD scales in five locations in Riyadh, which include two general hospitals and three shopping malls. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistical data are presented through mean values, standard deviations, and percentages. Results A total of 752 responses were received, of which 509 (68.32%) were from females with a mean age of 30.12 years. The majority of the sample had a low to middle family income, with 64% earning less than $2555 monthly. The sample possessed a good educational level; 63% had a bachelor's degree or higher. Our study also shows that 233 subjects (30.98%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of SAD. Among these participants, 86 (36.9%) had scores indicating a moderate to severe form of BDD. There was a significant positive correlation between SAD and BDD (r = 0.496). Conclusion The prevalence of SAD was 30.98%, which is higher compared to Western countries. Low income, education, and female gender have roles in the disease condition. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between SAD and BDD.

Keywords: arabic; body dysmorphic disorder; saudi arabia; social anxiety disorder; validation.

Grants and funding

This research was funded by SABIC Psychological Health Research and Applications Chair, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Deanship of Post Graduate Teaching, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The funding source was not involved in any study preparation steps.