Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of future control interventions.
Methods: Data pertaining to comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and echinococcosis surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected. The effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source was evaluated with prevalence of human echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients, prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs, prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals and awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis.
Results: The prevalence of human echinococcosis reduced from 1.08% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2022 in Sichuan Province (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 0.30% to 0.02% in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), a reduction from 15.87% to 0.46% in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), a reduction from 8.05% to 1.07% in the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 50.65% to 95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05); in addition, there was a year-specific prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases correlated positively with the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) and the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), and correlated negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = - 0.918, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05) and negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = -0.747, P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation between the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (rs = -0.750, P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Sichuan Province; however, the transmission chain of echinococcosis has not been interrupted. Reinforced comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and sustained tracking evaluation of the effectiveness are recommended in Sichuan Province.
［摘要］ 目的 评价2010—2022年四川省以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果, 从而为制定下一步防 控措施提供参考。方法 收集2010—2022年四川省以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施和棘球蚴病监测数据, 以人群棘球蚴病患病率、新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率、家犬棘球绦虫感染率、家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率、小型哺乳动物多 房棘球蚴病患病率、人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率为指标, 并采用Spearman等级相关进行相关性分析, 评价以传染源控 制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果。结果 2010—2022年, 四川省人群棘球蚴患病率从1.08%下降至0.40% (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), 新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率从0.30%下降至0.02% (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), 家犬棘球绦虫感 染率从15.87%下降至0.46% (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), 家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率从8.05%下降至1.07% (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), 人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率从50.65%提高至95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05), 不同年份小型哺乳动物多 房棘球蚴病患病率差异有统计学意义 (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05)。Spearman等级相关分析显示, 新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率 与家犬棘球绦虫感染率 (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) 及家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率呈正相关 (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), 与人群棘球蚴病 防治知识知晓率呈负相关 (rs = − 0.918, P < 0.05); 家犬棘球绦虫感染率与家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率呈正相关 (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05), 与人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率呈负相关 (rs = −0.747, P < 0.05), 与小型哺乳动物多房棘球蚴病患病率无相关 性 (rs= −0.750, P > 0.05)。结论 四川省以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施取得了显著成效, 但传播环节仍未 有效阻断; 需继续强化以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施, 并持续跟踪评价防治措施效果。.
Keywords: Comprehensive control; Echinococcosis; Effectiveness evaluation; Sichuan Province; Source of infection.