Comparison of the treatment status of patients with acute heart failure before and during the COVID-19 pandemic - Observational cohort study using Japanese administrative data

Abstract

Background: There is a concern that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to underutilization of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in patients with acute heart failure (HF). We investigated the alterations in clinical management of acute HF during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods and results: This study was an observational study of patients treated in emergency care with acute HF, using a Japanese Administrative database for a period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the 9081 overall eligible patients, the ratio of patients receiving NPPV and tracheal intubation during to before the COVID-19 pandemic were 0.88 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 0.96] and 1.38 (95 % CI: 1.11, 1.71), respectively. Propensity score matching in patients treated in COVID-19 receiving facilities and emergency declaration response areas showed that ratio of NPPV and tracheal intubation during to before the COVID-19 pandemic were 0.88 (95 % CI: 0.76, 1.03), and 1.65 (95 % CI: 1.19, 2.28), respectively.

Conclusions: The implementation rate of NPPV decreased significantly in eligible patients, with a decreasing trend observed in patient populations in COVID-19 receiving facilities and emergency declaration response areas. Tracheal intubation increased in all populations.

Keywords: Acute heart failure; COVID-19; Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; Real world data.